Phytoplankton community structure in relation to vertical stratification along a north‐south gradient in the <scp>N</scp>ortheast <scp>A</scp>tlantic <scp>O</scp>cean

Mojica, Kristina D. A.; Poll, Willem H. van de; Kehoe, Michael; Huisman, Jef; Timmermans, Klaas R.; Buma, Anita G. J.; Woerd, H.J. van der; Hahn-Woernle, Lisa; Dijkstra, Henk A.; Brussaard, Corina P. D.

doi:10.1002/lno.10113

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Picoplankton dominate the area, as they do oligotrophic seas (Lewandowska et al, 2014). However, integrated Chla was higher (>40 mg m -2 , data not shown) than in other summer marine ecosystems (i.e., the North Atlantic, 17-27 mg m -2 ; Mojica et al, 2015) and of the same order as the Gulf of Alaska (39 mg m -2 ; Childers et al, 2005). We hypothesize that the gulf remains a productive area even during summer, but with a high phytoplankton turnover rate that masks phytoplankton production and avoids its biomass accumulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Mixing Processes at the Pycnocline and Vertical Nitrate Supply: Consequences for the Microbial Food Web in San Jorge Gulf, Argentina

Latorre¹,

Schloss²,

Almandoz³

et al. 2018

Oceanog

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Mixing Processes at the Pycnocline and Vertical Nitrate Supply: Consequences for the Microbial Food Web in San Jorge Gulf, Argentina

Latorre¹,

Schloss²,

Almandoz³

et al. 2018

Oceanog

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“…Owing to deep water formation, the North Atlantic is key to ocean circulation and global climate, absorbing~23% of the global anthropogenic CO 2 emission (Sabine et al, 2004). Several studies predict that global warming will result in a stronger temperature stratification in the North Atlantic Ocean (Sarmiento, 2004;Polovina et al, 2008), accompanied by changes in phytoplankton community structure, as oligotrophic regions of the ocean expand northwards (Flombaum et al, 2013;Mojica et al, 2015). This in turn will result in alterations to virus community structure, as virus populations respond to changing host distributions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, thermal stratification is an important factor regulating phytoplankton dynamics and oceanclimate models predict that global warming will lead to an expansion of the stratified regions of the world's oceans (Sarmiento et al, 1998;Toggweiler and Russell, 2008). Projected alterations to stratification and vertical mixing have the potential to affect the species composition Mojica et al, 2015), phenology (Edwards and Richardson, 2004), productivity (Gregg et al, 2003;Behrenfeld et al, 2006;Polovina et al, 2008), size structure (Daufresne et al, 2009;Hilligsøe et al, 2011), nutritional value (Mitra andFlynn, 2005;Van de Waal et al, 2010), abundance (Richardson and Schoeman, 2004) and biogeographical distribution (Doney et al, 2012;Flombaum et al, 2013;van de Poll et al, 2013) of marine phytoplankton. As obligate parasites, viruses rely on their host to provide the machinery, energy and resources required for viral replication and assembly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal variation in virus-induced mortality of phytoplankton across the North Atlantic Ocean

et al. 2015

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Viral lysis of phytoplankton constrains marine primary production, food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycles in the ocean. Yet, little is known about the biogeographical distribution of viral lysis rates across the global ocean. To address this, we investigated phytoplankton groupspecific viral lysis rates along a latitudinal gradient within the North Atlantic Ocean. The data show large-scale distribution patterns of different virus groups across the North Atlantic that are associated with the biogeographical distributions of their potential microbial hosts. Average virusmediated lysis rates of the picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus were lower than those of the picoeukaryotic and nanoeukaryotic phytoplankton (that is, 0.14 per day compared with 0.19 and 0.23 per day, respectively). Total phytoplankton mortality (virus plus grazer-mediated) was comparable to the gross growth rate, demonstrating high turnover rates of phytoplankton populations. Virus-induced mortality was an important loss process at low and mid latitudes, whereas phytoplankton mortality was dominated by microzooplankton grazing at higher latitudes (456°N). This shift from a viral-lysis-dominated to a grazing-dominated phytoplankton community was associated with a decrease in temperature and salinity, and the decrease in viral lysis rates was also associated with increased vertical mixing at higher latitudes. Ocean-climate models predict that surface warming will lead to an expansion of the stratified and oligotrophic regions of the world's oceans. Our findings suggest that these future shifts in the regional climate of the ocean surface layer are likely to increase the contribution of viral lysis to phytoplankton mortality in the higher-latitude waters of the North Atlantic, which may potentially reduce transfer of matter and energy up the food chain and thus affect the capacity of the northern North Atlantic to act as a long-term sink for CO 2 .

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“…It is now well acknowledged that marine viruses interact with their cellular counterparts in the microbial kingdom on an unforeseen scale (Fuhrman, 1999;Brussaard, 2004;Suttle, 2007;Breitbart, 2012). An estimated 10 23 new infections occur every second in the ocean, and induce the mortality through cell lysis of an important fraction of marine microbes, which include bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton (Suttle and Chan, 1994;Suttle, 2005;Baudoux and Brussaard, 2008;Mojica et al, 2015). The extent of viral mediated mortality can be remarkably high during phytoplankton blooms where it can reach near 100% cell mortality (Bratbak et al, 1993;Brussaard et al, 1996a,b;Baudoux et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromonas versus virus: New experimental insights challenge viral impact

Ruiz

Baudoux

Simon

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

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SummaryViruses have recurrently been hypothesized as instrumental in driving microbial population diversity. Nonetheless, viral mediated co-existence of r/kstrategists, predicted in the Killing-the-Winner (KtW) hypothesis, remains controversial and demands empirical evidence. Therefore, we measured the life strategy parameters that characterize the relevant system Micromonas-Micromonas Virus (MicV). A large number of host and viral strains (37 and 17, respectively) were used in a total of 629 crossinfectivity tests. Algal and viral abundances were monitored by flow cytometry and used to calculate values of growth rate, resistance capacity, and viral production. Two main assumptions of the KtW model, namely (1) a resistance-associated cost on growth and (2) a negative correlation between resistance and viral production capacity, were mildly observed and lacked statistical significance. Micromonas strains infected by more MicV strains presented higher lysis and viral production rates as the number of infectious virus strains increased, suggesting a 'one-gate' regulation of infection in this system. MicV strains demonstrated a vast range of virion production capacity, which unexpectedly grew with increasing host-range. Overall, the significant trends observed in here demonstrate strong cointeractions at different levels between Micromonas and MicV populations, however, the role of viruses as major driving force in phytoplankton fitness wasn't explicitly observed.

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Phytoplankton community structure in relation to vertical stratification along a north‐south gradient in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 47 publications

References 98 publications

Mixing Processes at the Pycnocline and Vertical Nitrate Supply: Consequences for the Microbial Food Web in San Jorge Gulf, Argentina

Mixing Processes at the Pycnocline and Vertical Nitrate Supply: Consequences for the Microbial Food Web in San Jorge Gulf, Argentina

Latitudinal variation in virus-induced mortality of phytoplankton across the North Atlantic Ocean

Micromonas versus virus: New experimental insights challenge viral impact

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