Phytochemistry, Toxicity and Efficacy of Crude Aqueous Extract of Carica Papaya Leaf Against Trypanosoma Brucei

Biu, A. A.; Buratai, L. B.; Ahmed, Abubakar; Hambali, I. U.; Ngulde, Saidu Ibrahim; Zakariah, Mohd Ihwan; Lawal, Jamila

doi:10.3329/bjvm.v14i1.28832

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This study revealed the presence of important phytochemicals like saponins, reducing sugar, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, anthraquinones, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and phenolic compounds in the methanolic leaf extract of Carica papaya. The study is in line with the reports of a number of authors that showed that active phytochemicals like: phenolics, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, phlabotannins, amino acids, flavonoids etc are present in the different extract of Carica papaya [49][50][51]. Studies have shown [43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

GC–MS Analysis and Antimalarial Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Carica papaya against Plasmodium berghei NK65 Infection in Swiss Mice

Momoh

Damazio

Oyegbami

2020

ARRB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: The study determines the GC-MS and the anti-malarial activity of methanolic leaf extract of Carica papaya in Swiss mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65. Study Design: The experimental study lasted for five weeks. Place of Study: Department of Chemical Sciences (Biochemistry Unit) and animal House unit in Department of Biological Sciences (Environmental Biology Unit), School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria. Study Design and Methodology: AAS, GC-MS and phytochemical analyses were determined in the plant extract using standard procedures. Thirty-six Swiss mice of both sexes (26–32g) were divided into six groups of six mice each. Group A (normal control) was untreated and uninfected. Groups B–F were intraperitoneally inoculated with P. berghei NK65, while group B (disease control) was untreated-infected group, group C and D (standard drugs) received standard drugs, chloroquine (10 mg/kg B.WT) and artesunate (10 mg/kg B.WT); groups E and F received methanolic leaf extract of C. papaya at 400 and 600 mg/kg B.WT respectively. WBC, HCT and HGB were determined in the whole blood using BC-3200 Auto Hematology Analyzer. MDA, TP, SOD % inhibition, SOD unit, CAT and GSH were all determined in the liver homogenate using standard procedures. Results: The AAS analysis shows that the extract contains minerals like: potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and sodium. Twenty-six compounds were identified to be present in the extract using GC-MS analysis. The active compounds with their retention time, molecular weight, molecular formula, peak area and activities were predicted. The three major prevailing compounds and their percentage abundance are: squalene (27.28%), neophytadiene (12.71%) and phytol (10.16%) respectively. The phytochemical analysis indicates the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds etc. The C. papaya extract caused 56.76% and 75.53% significant (P<0.05) reduction in parasitemia at 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight respectively while chloroquine exerted 92.86% and artesunate exerted 90.67% reduction at 10 mg/kg body weight respectively carried out during curative test. The extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced WBC count and increase HGB and HCT concentration in the treated mice compared to the infected untreated mice. There were significant (p<0.05) increase in the TP, SOD % inhibition, SOD unit, GSH and CAT levels in the liver homogenate of animals treated with chloroquine, artesunate and extract of C. papaya compared to the untreated mice. MDA level was significantly decreased in the malaria treated mice compared to the untreated mice. Conclusions: The study shows that methanolic leaf extract of Carica papaya possess antimalarial activity in Swiss mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK 65.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

GC–MS Analysis and Antimalarial Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Carica papaya against Plasmodium berghei NK65 Infection in Swiss Mice

Momoh

Damazio

Oyegbami

2020

ARRB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These finding is in agreement with [22], findings which showed LD 50 of C. papaya seed above 5000 mg/kg of body weight of rat. Biu et al [6] also reported the lethal dose of aqueous extract C. papaya leaf to be safe at 1000 mg/kg.…”

Section: The Mean Lethal Dose (Ld 50 ) Of Methanolic Extracts the Fractions Of Carica Papaya Seedsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The few registered trypanocides are toxic and often associated with severe side effects [4]. The economic importance of the disease is often characterized by increasing anemia, induce oxidative stress, inflammation, suppress immune system, poor reproductive performance, poor lactation, weakness, extreme emaciation and eventually death [5][6][7]. The most pathogenic trypanosomes belong to the Vivax group (Duttonella), congolense group (Nannomonas) and the brucei group (Trypanozoon) subgenera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation of Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Carica papaya Seed Extracts and Fractions in Albino Wister Rats

Kinjir

Madusolumuo

Sarkiyayi

2020

AJBGMB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims: This study presents baseline data on the In-vitro and In-vivo evaluation of anti-trypanosomal activity of Carica papaya seed extracts and fractions in Albino Wister rats. Study Design: Mention the design of the study here. Place and Duration of Study Sample: Department of Biochemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, between June 2009 and July 2010. Methodology: 56 Wister rats of both sexes were randomly divided into 8 groups (I – VIII) of 7 rats each were used for this study. Four concentrations (100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) of different extracts of seed carica papaya were screened for trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma brucei In vitro and In vivo. The effect of the extracts was evaluated for trypanocidal activity in rats infected and not infected with the parasite. Administration of the extract and the drugs was orally daily for 5 consecutive days from day 7 of post infection. Level of parasitemia and body weight was taken daily for 21 days. Results: The extracts inhibited parasite motility and totally eliminated the organisms at the concentrations used In vitro. The extract also showed promising in vivo trypanocidal activity. The observed In vitro and In vivo trypanocidal activities may be due to the presence of bioactive compounds present in the extracts as seen in this study. The extract also improved the observed decreases in haematological parameters of the treated rats, which may be due to their ability to decrease parasite load. The LD50 was estimated to be ≥2,000 mg/Kg (v/v) for acute oral toxicity test (because all the rats survived at the end of the 14-day observation period). This is an indication of very low toxicity, implying that the extract could be administered with some degree of safety. A significant decreased (p<0.05) were observed in weight of rats at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg 400 mg/kg 800 mg/kg negative control and prophylactic at four to eight days of infections, while significantly increased (p<0.05) were observed in weight of rats for berenil control and normal control. Conclusion: The decrease in weight of rats could be as a result of loss of appetite due to severe fever and also the trypanosome.

show abstract

“…Ethnoveterinary medicine using plant extracts continues to provide health coverage for over 80% of the world's population, especially in the developing countries including Nigeria (WHO, 2002). Some studies on the use of plant extracts against ticks have been conducted in Pretoria, South Africa (Thembo et al, 2010); Nigeria (Biu et al, 2013;2014); Iran (Pirali-Kheirabadi and Teixeira da Silva, 2011);Brazil (Giglioti et al, 2011);Burkina Faso (Kabore et al, 2012); Egypt (Abdel-Shafy and Zayed, 2002) and India (Sanis et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acaricidal Efficacy of Cassia sieberiana DC (Caesalpinaceae) Stem Bark Aqueous Extract on Hyalomma KOCH, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) Reproductive Stages

2024

AJBAR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the most significant challenges facing tick control through chemical acaricides is resistance and environmental pollution, encouraging the need for natural plant products that are less toxic and environment friendly. This study was conducted to determine theacaricidal efficacy of Cassia sieberiana stem bark aqueous extract on Hyalomma species using immersion testing for egg-hatchinhibition and adult mortality. Both tests used ascending extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, at durations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours. Egg-hatch inhibition peaked at 5% concentration at 8hrs, 10% and 15% at 7 and 8hrs and 20% at 5, 6, 7 and 8hrs while adult mortality was highest at 20% concentration. There was a positive correlation between graded extract concentration, immersion period, egg-hatch inhibition and adult mortality. The LC50 values for adult mortality and egg-hatch inhibition were 13.1 mg/mL and 13.7 mg/mL and coefficient of determination were y = 3.7x +1.5 and y = 3.062 + 8.12 respectively. Both LC50 values were almost similar indicating a strong association between extract concentration and acaricidal activity in vitro.

show abstract

Phytochemistry, Toxicity and Efficacy of Crude Aqueous Extract of Carica Papaya Leaf Against Trypanosoma Brucei

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

GC–MS Analysis and Antimalarial Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Carica papaya against Plasmodium berghei NK65 Infection in Swiss Mice

GC–MS Analysis and Antimalarial Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Carica papaya against Plasmodium berghei NK65 Infection in Swiss Mice

In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation of Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Carica papaya Seed Extracts and Fractions in Albino Wister Rats

Acaricidal Efficacy of Cassia sieberiana DC (Caesalpinaceae) Stem Bark Aqueous Extract on Hyalomma KOCH, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) Reproductive Stages

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About