Phytochemical profile, in vitro activities, and toxicity of optimized Eugenia uniflora extracts

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the influence of mixture design on the chemical profile of Eugenia unifloraleaves, evaluating the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, the toxic and hemolytic potential, with the focus on the improvement of the polyphenol’s extraction for incorporation of the extract in semi-solid forms with antifungal action. The chemical analysis was evaluated by UV-Vis and HPLC. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hemolytic activities were monitored. The flavonoid content ranged from 2.63-7.98 %w/w and tannins from 5.42-18.29 %w/w. The extract consisted of gallic acid (0.09-1.29%; w/w), ellagic acid (0.09-0.37%; w/w), and myricitrin (0.18-1.20%; w/w). The most successful solvent system with the highest level of active extract was water: ethanol: propylene glycol. The extracts showed fungicidal properties (3.9 μg/mL), high antioxidant activity (IC50: 9.50 μg/mL), and low toxicity. These solvent mixtures can improve the in vitro bioactivities when compared to pure solvents and this result demonstrates the importance of mixture designs as useful tools for creating high-quality herbal products and elucidate the potential of E. unifloraglycolic extracts as active herbal pharmaceutical ingredients in topical delivery systems.

The Potential of the Flavonoid Content of Ipomoea batatas L. as an Alternative Analog GLP-1 for Diabetes Type 2 Treatment—Systematic Review

“…These compounds have the ability to prolong the half-life of GLP-1, leading to an elevation in insulin release and a modification in glucose absorption from systemic to cellular in the form of glycogen [ 49 ]. Furthermore, the A or B rings of flavonoids are capable of interacting with AlCl 3 through their ortho-dihydroxyl groups, resulting in the formation of complexes that are susceptible to acid [ 50 ].…”

The Potential of <em>Ipomoea batatas</em> L. as an Alternative Analog Glp-1 for Diabetes Type 2 Treatment – a Systematic Review

“…These compounds have the ability to prolong the half-life of GLP-1, leading to an increase in insulin secretion and a shift in glucose uptake from systemic to cellular in the form of glycogen [50]. Furthermore, the A or B rings of flavonoids are capable of interacting with AlCl3 through their ortho-dihydroxyl groups, resulting in the formation of complexes that are susceptible to acid [51].…”