Physiological thermoregulation of mature alligators

Heating and cooling rates and their effects upon heart rate in the angulate tortoise,Chersina angulate

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Heating and cooling rates and their effects upon heart rate in the angulate tortoise,Chersina angulate

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Vascular patterns in the heads of crocodilians: blood vessels and sites of thermal exchange

“…Whereas the behavioral thermoregulatory strategies of crocodilians are well known (e.g. sliding into the water when overheated; Smith, 1976Smith, , 1979Drane et al 1977;Smith et al 1978Smith et al , 1984Fraser & Grigg, 1984;Franklin & Seebacher, 2003;Seebacher & Franklin, 2004, 2007, it is possible that the study of such behaviors may have resulted in more strictly physiological thermoregulatory strategies being overlooked. The anatomical findings on blood flow though the nasal, oral, and orbital regions need to be investigated by experimental physiologists to determine the role and efficiency of evaporative cooling and its pathways to neurosensory tissues.…”

“…For example, Johnson (1974) reported that a temperature differential between the head and body occurs in crocodilians such that, similar to other reptiles (Crawford, 1972), the head warms slower than the body under certain conditions, especially during gaping. The number of publications focusing on behavioral thermoregulation in crocodilians is high (Smith, 1976(Smith, , 1979Drane et al 1977;Smith et al 1978Smith et al , 1984Fraser & Grigg, 1984;Franklin & Seebacher, 2003;Seebacher & Franklin, 2004, 2007 and it is well understood how crocodilians control body temperature during warming and cooling. Yet, similar to squamates, crocodilians have distinct vascular abilities that are directly related to adjusting body temperatures and, like other reptiles, may have evolved a circulatory system that elevates a function in thermoregulation over oxygen delivery (Pough, 1980;Seebacher & Franklin, 2004, 2007.…”

Anatomy of the crocodilian spinal vein

“…Cutaneous vasodilation increases the circulation of heated blood from the warm body surface to the body core during heating, while vasoconstriction during cooling maintains that warm blood in the core. This response has been demonstrated in crocodilians also using measurement of heat flow across the skin (Smith, 1976), measurement of 133Xe clearance half-times (Smith et al, 1978), and determination of heating and cooling curves (Smith et al, 1984).…”

Heating and cooling rates and their effects upon heart rate in the angulate tortoise,Chersina angulate

“……”

Vascular patterns in the heads of crocodilians: blood vessels and sites of thermal exchange

“…Whereas the behavioral thermoregulatory strategies of crocodilians are well known (e.g. sliding into the water when overheated; Smith, 1976Smith, , 1979Drane et al 1977;Smith et al 1978Smith et al , 1984Fraser & Grigg, 1984;Franklin & Seebacher, 2003;Seebacher & Franklin, 2004, 2007, it is possible that the study of such behaviors may have resulted in more strictly physiological thermoregulatory strategies being overlooked. The anatomical findings on blood flow though the nasal, oral, and orbital regions need to be investigated by experimental physiologists to determine the role and efficiency of evaporative cooling and its pathways to neurosensory tissues.…”

“…For example, Johnson (1974) reported that a temperature differential between the head and body occurs in crocodilians such that, similar to other reptiles (Crawford, 1972), the head warms slower than the body under certain conditions, especially during gaping. The number of publications focusing on behavioral thermoregulation in crocodilians is high (Smith, 1976(Smith, , 1979Drane et al 1977;Smith et al 1978Smith et al , 1984Fraser & Grigg, 1984;Franklin & Seebacher, 2003;Seebacher & Franklin, 2004, 2007 and it is well understood how crocodilians control body temperature during warming and cooling. Yet, similar to squamates, crocodilians have distinct vascular abilities that are directly related to adjusting body temperatures and, like other reptiles, may have evolved a circulatory system that elevates a function in thermoregulation over oxygen delivery (Pough, 1980;Seebacher & Franklin, 2004, 2007.…”

Anatomy of the crocodilian spinal vein

“…Cutaneous vasodilation increases the circulation of heated blood from the warm body surface to the body core during heating, while vasoconstriction during cooling maintains that warm blood in the core. This response has been demonstrated in crocodilians also using measurement of heat flow across the skin (Smith, 1976), measurement of 133Xe clearance half-times (Smith et al, 1978), and determination of heating and cooling curves (Smith et al, 1984).…”

Heating and cooling rates and their effects upon heart rate in the angulate tortoise,Chersina angulate

“……”

Vascular patterns in the heads of crocodilians: blood vessels and sites of thermal exchange

“…Whereas the behavioral thermoregulatory strategies of crocodilians are well known (e.g. sliding into the water when overheated; Smith, 1976Smith, , 1979Drane et al 1977;Smith et al 1978Smith et al , 1984Fraser & Grigg, 1984;Franklin & Seebacher, 2003;Seebacher & Franklin, 2004, 2007, it is possible that the study of such behaviors may have resulted in more strictly physiological thermoregulatory strategies being overlooked. The anatomical findings on blood flow though the nasal, oral, and orbital regions need to be investigated by experimental physiologists to determine the role and efficiency of evaporative cooling and its pathways to neurosensory tissues.…”

“…For example, Johnson (1974) reported that a temperature differential between the head and body occurs in crocodilians such that, similar to other reptiles (Crawford, 1972), the head warms slower than the body under certain conditions, especially during gaping. The number of publications focusing on behavioral thermoregulation in crocodilians is high (Smith, 1976(Smith, , 1979Drane et al 1977;Smith et al 1978Smith et al , 1984Fraser & Grigg, 1984;Franklin & Seebacher, 2003;Seebacher & Franklin, 2004, 2007 and it is well understood how crocodilians control body temperature during warming and cooling. Yet, similar to squamates, crocodilians have distinct vascular abilities that are directly related to adjusting body temperatures and, like other reptiles, may have evolved a circulatory system that elevates a function in thermoregulation over oxygen delivery (Pough, 1980;Seebacher & Franklin, 2004, 2007.…”

Anatomy of the crocodilian spinal vein

“…Cutaneous vasodilation increases the circulation of heated blood from the warm body surface to the body core during heating, while vasoconstriction during cooling maintains that warm blood in the core. This response has been demonstrated in crocodilians also using measurement of heat flow across the skin (Smith, 1976), measurement of 133Xe clearance half-times (Smith et al, 1978), and determination of heating and cooling curves (Smith et al, 1984).…”