Physiological responses of Microcystis aeruginosa under the stress of antialgal actinomycetes

Hormesis Effects of Amoxicillin on Growth and Cellular Biosynthesis of Microcystis aeruginosa at Different Nitrogen Levels

“…Inhibited protein synthesis coupled with reduced algal growth has been observed in cyanobacteria under serious environmental stresses [35], while only few studies reported the stimulation of protein synthesis by exogenous contaminants. Ye et al found that the protein content increased in M. aeruginosa under short-term exposure to an herbicide diclofop [36].…”

Isolation of axenic cyanobacterium and the promoting effect of associated bacterium on axenic cyanobacterium

“…This interaction plays an important role in photosynthesis and is therefore crucial for the metabolism of phototrophic phytoplankton. The relations between phototrophic phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria are much better understood compared with that between zooplankton and bacteria, and it is generally recognized that there are three different types of phototrophic phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria interactions: (i) bacteria and phototrophic phytoplankton form a mutualism relationship in which phytoplankton bene ts from bacterial products such as nutrients, whereas bacteria pro t from phytoplankton products such as extracellular polymeric substances [4]; (ii) bacteria and phototrophic phytoplankton form an antagonism relationship that the growth of phytoplankton is restricted or inhibited by bacteria through algal-bacterial/cyanobacterialbacterial contact mechanism (direct interaction) or secretion of the extracellular antialgal/anticyanobacterial substances (indirect interaction) [5,6] and (iii) bacteria and phototrophic phytoplankton form a commensalism relationship that bacteria are loosely associated with phytoplankton and may promote the growth and photosynthesis without having any negative effect, while phytoplankton grows well without the associated bacteria [7,8]. These scenarios may be dependent on the characteristics of phototrophic phytoplankton species, associated bacteria species and secreted substances of the associated heterotrophic bacteria [4].…”

“…Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) in lakes, reservoirs and rivers have drawn great attention all over the world as microcystin-producing cyanobacteria cause animal and human health concerns [5,6,9]. Microcystis aeruginosa, a unicellular, photoautotrophic and gram-negative cyanobacterium that belongs to the genus Microcystis, division Cyanophyta is one of the most common and widespread bloomforming cyanobacteria that secret toxins [5,6,10].…”

“…Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) in lakes, reservoirs and rivers have drawn great attention all over the world as microcystin-producing cyanobacteria cause animal and human health concerns [5,6,9]. Microcystis aeruginosa, a unicellular, photoautotrophic and gram-negative cyanobacterium that belongs to the genus Microcystis, division Cyanophyta is one of the most common and widespread bloomforming cyanobacteria that secret toxins [5,6,10]. Previous studies show that the cyanobacterium is associated with a large number of bacteria, and these associated heterotrophic bacteria (heterotrophs) are considered to bene t from organic substrates released by the cyanobacterium [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

“…Additionally, solid medium is simple and useful for the growth and isolation of axenic Microcystis strains, in which way two axenic Microcystis strains are obtained [24,26]. Although the direct and indirect inhibiting effects of bacteria on cyanobacteria have been intensively studied [3,5,6,12,13,27] and the associated bacteria are potentially regarded to regulate cyanobacterium growth via extracellular amino acid monomers or other substances [5,6], the growth-promoting effects of heterotrophs on cyanobacterium have not received much attention. Apart from cyanobacterium puri cation, the growthpromoting effect of the heterotrophs on cyanobacterium is a signi cant aspect for understanding the interactions between heterotrophs and cyanobacteria.…”