Physiological Control of Blood Pumps Using Intrinsic Pump Parameters: A Computer Simulation Study

Giridharan, Guruprasad A.; Skliar, Mikhail

doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2006.00217.x

Cited by 77 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The approach that uses a blood pump as both the actuator and the flow or pressure sensor can be viewed as a "sensorless'' control. 27 Sensorless estimation of ⌬Pa is currently being pursued as a follow-up investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiologic Control of Rotary Blood Pumps: An In Vitro Study

et al. 2004

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Rotary blood pumps (RBPs) are currently being used as a bridge to transplantation as well as for myocardial recovery and destination therapy for patients with heart failure. Physiologic control systems for RBPs that can automatically and autonomously adjust the pump flow to match the physiologic requirement of the patient are needed to reduce human intervention and error, while improving the quality of life. Physiologic control systems for RBPs should ensure adequate perfusion while avoiding inflow occlusion via left ventricular (LV) suction for varying clinical and physical activity conditions. For RBPs used as left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), we hypothesize that maintaining a constant average pressure difference between the pulmonary vein and the aorta (deltaPa) would give rise to a physiologically adequate perfusion while avoiding LV suction. Using a mock circulatory system, we tested the performance of the control strategy of maintaining a constant average deltaPa and compared it with the results obtained when a constant average pump pressure head (deltaP) and constant rpm are maintained. The comparison was made for normal, failing, and asystolic left heart during rest and at light exercise. The deltaPa was maintained at 95 +/- 1 mm Hg for all the scenarios. The results indicate that the deltaPa control strategy maintained or restored the total flow rate to that of the physiologically normal heart during rest (3.8 L/m) and light exercise (5.4 L/m) conditions. The deltaPa approach adapted to changing exercise and clinical conditions better than the constant rpm and constant deltaP control strategies. The deltaPa control strategy requires the implantation of two pressure sensors, which may not be clinically feasible. Sensorless RBP control using the deltaPa algorithm, which can eliminate the failure prone pressure sensors, is being currently investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiologic Control of Rotary Blood Pumps: An In Vitro Study

et al. 2004

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“…However, blood pump control systems like these can be limited by the low reliability of long-term blood pressure and flow sensors. 19 …”

Section: Requirement For Biventricular Supportmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biventricular Assist Devices: A Technical Review

et al. 2011

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The optimal treatment option for end stage heart failure is transplantation; however, the shortage of donor organs necessitates alternative treatment strategies such as mechanical circulatory assistance. Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are employed to support these cases while awaiting cardiac recovery or transplantation, or in some cases as destination therapy. While left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy alone is effective in many instances, up to 50% of LVAD recipients demonstrate clinically significant postoperative right ventricular failure and potentially need a biventricular assist device (BiVAD). In these cases, the BiVAD can effectively support both sides of the failing heart. This article presents a technical review of BiVADs, both clinically applied and under development. The BiVADs which have been used clinically are predominantly first generation, pulsatile, and paracorporeal systems that are bulky and prone to device failure, thrombus formation, and infection. While they have saved many lives, they generally necessitate a large external pneumatic driver which inhibits normal movement and quality of life for many patients. In an attempt to alleviate these issues, several smaller, implantable second and third generation devices that use either immersed mechanical blood bearings or hydrodynamic/magnetic levitation systems to support a rotating impeller are under development or in the early stages of clinical use. Although these rotary devices may offer a longer term, completely implantable option for patients with biventricular failure, their control strategies need to be refined to compete with the inherent volume balancing ability of the first generation devices. The BiVAD systems potentially offer an improved quality of life to patients with total heart failure, and thus a viable alternative to heart transplantation is anticipated with continued development.

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“…The long-term use of rotary blood pumps is expected to benefit end-stage CHF patients to a greater level, as a destination therapy or bridge-to-recovery device. Scientists and researchers have been actively studying issues to extend the lives of RBPs, such as optimizing pump design using computational fluid dynamics to increase efficiency and reduce hemolysis (Untaroiu et al 2005), suspension of pump impeller with magnetic or hydrodynamic forces (Hoshi et al 2005;Goldowsky 2004), effect of blood pumps on natural heart function and remodeling (Wohlschlaeger et al 2005), and the physiological control system that automatically regulates the pump speed (Giridharan and Skliar 2006;Schima et al 2006;Chen et al 2005;Wu et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Muscle Pump on Rotary Blood Pumps in Dynamic Exercise: A Computer Simulation Study

Lim

2008

Cardiovasc Eng

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Computer simulation is an important tool to study the interaction between rotary blood pumps (RBPs) and human circulatory system. This interaction is critical for the development of reliable physiological control systems of long-term RBPs. This paper presents a numerical model of the human circulatory system, which innovatively takes the muscle pump into account in dynamic exercise. Simulation results demonstrate that the inclusion of muscle pump will change the response of hemodynamic variables and RBP parameters. These findings also show the necessity to verify the performance of RBPs and their physiological control systems in dynamic exercise with the muscle pump taken into account. By using Matlab Simulink software to simulate real-time circulatory properties, this study provides the bench-top test environment for long-term RBPs and their physiological controller.

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Physiological Control of Blood Pumps Using Intrinsic Pump Parameters: A Computer Simulation Study

Cited by 77 publications

References 13 publications

Physiologic Control of Rotary Blood Pumps: An In Vitro Study

Physiologic Control of Rotary Blood Pumps: An In Vitro Study

Biventricular Assist Devices: A Technical Review

Effects of Muscle Pump on Rotary Blood Pumps in Dynamic Exercise: A Computer Simulation Study

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