Physiological and Pathophysiological Implications of Social Stress in Mammals

Abstract

The sections in this article are: Social Subordinance as an Environmental Stressor Varieties of Hierarchical Ranking Systems among Mammals What Is Stressful about Having a Particular Social Rank in a Hierarchy? The Adrenocortical Axis Cardiovascular Function and Disease Reproductive Physiology Females Males Immunity Limits to the Importance of Rank The Societal Context of Rank The Personal Experience of Rank Personality Conclusions and Relevance to Humans