Physiological and biochemical aspects of castor beans seeds deterioration stored in different packaging conditions and temperatures

Abstract

-The present study aimed to evaluate effects of different storage conditions on the castor bean seed cultivar IAC-226 quality, stored for 12 months. For this purpose, seeds were stored in different environment and packaging conditions: in a cold chamber and conventional storage, using multiwall Kraft paper and in no vacuum and vacuum plastic packages at 1 atm; as well as under cryopreservation storage (-196 °C). Seed quality was evaluated before and after 4, 8 and 12 months of storage by germination tests, first count of germination, emergence percentage, emergence speed index and determination of changes in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme systems. Cryopreservation (-196 °C) is efficient in maintaining the physiological quality of castor bean cultivar IAC-226 for 12 months. The enzyme catalase stands out as a marker of castor seed deterioration during storage.Index terms: Ricinus communis L. storage, cryopreservation, vacuum.Aspectos bioquímicos e fisiológicos da deterioração de sementes de mamona armazenadas em diferentes embalagens e temperaturas RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes condições de armazenamento sobre a qualidade de sementes de mamona cultivar IAC-226, armazenadas por um período de 12 meses. Para isso, as sementes foram armazenadas em diferentes ambientes e tipos de embalagens: em câmara fria e armazém convencional, utilizando embalagens papel Kraft multifoliado e plástico com e sem acondicionamento a vácuo a 1 atm; e também armazenamento sob criopreservação (-196 °C). A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada antes e após 4, 8 e 12 meses de armazenamento pelos testes de geminação, primeira contagem de germinação, porcentagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência e pela determinação das alterações nos sistemas enzimáticos catalase (CAT) e superóxido dismutase (SOD). A criopreservação (-196 °C) é eficiente na manutenção da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de mamona cultivar IAC-226 por 12 meses. A enzima catalase se destaca como um marcador da deterioração de sementes de mamona durante o armazenamento.Termos para indexação: Ricinus communis L., isoenzimas, criopreservação, armazenamento.1

Physiological and Sanitary Quality and Oil Content of Castor Bean Seeds Under Different Storage Conditions?

“…However, the germination percentage of IAC-80 seeds stored in the other conditions decreased with storage time. These results denote the effect of the storage condition on the preservation of viability of R. communis seeds, as reported by Santos et al (2016), who evaluated the conservation of R. communis seeds in conventional, and cold room conditions for twelve months.…”

“…Therefore, the cryopreservation of R. communis seeds enabled a long-term conservation. Similarly, Santos et al (2016) The first germination count of Guarani seeds showed significant differences within the storage periods ( Table 3). The seed germination percentage in the first count increased up to four months and remained constant up to eight months of storage.…”

“…Brazil is one of the largest producing countries of R. communis (CONAB, 2016); however, the Brazilian average crop yield of this species is low (551 kg ha -1 ) compared to other oilseeds, such as soybean, sunflower, and peanuts (FANAN et al, 2009;SANTOS et al, 2016). The use of low-quality seeds that are produced by the farmers themselves (FANAN et al, 2009), and storage problems due to the high oil content of these seeds (35% to 55% depending on the cultivar) are factors that contribute to this low yield (SANTOS et al, 2016).…”

“…Several factors affect the quality of stored seeds, such as seed water content at storage, package use for their conservation, temperature and relative humidity of the storage environment, and seed chemical composition (CALDEIRA et al, 2016). However, few studies on these factors affecting R. communis conservation are found (QUEIROGA; BELTRÃO, 2004;FANAN et al, 2009;ALMEIDA et al, 2010;REED et al, 2011;SANTOS et al, 2016).…”

“…Cryopreservation can preserve seeds for unlimited time by reducing their metabolism to low levels, reducing significantly all biochemical processes, and almost stopping deterioration (SANTOS et al, 2016). Traditional conservation methods only postpone deterioration for a specific period, depending on the material and species (COSTA et al, 2012).…”