Physiologic, subjective, and behavioral effects of amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, phenmetrazine, and methylphenidate in man

Abstract

Physiologic, subjective, and behavioral effects of amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, phenmetrazine, and methylphenidate in manFive centrally acting sympathomimetic amines, d-amphetamine, d-methamphetamine, ephedrine, phenmetrazine, and methylphenidate, were studied in man. All of these agents increased blood pressure and respiratory rate, produced similar types of subiective changes, and increased the excretion of epinephrine. With regard to these parameters, there was a high concordance between estimates of their relative potencies.The concordance between the potency estimates for the different parameters suggests, but does not prove, that these five agents share a common mode of central action. Further, if the peripheral modes of action as elucidated by animal studies are true for man, this study suggests that it is unlikely that their central actions in man are a consequence of the release of norepinephrine in the brain.

Naltrexone Attenuates the Subjective Effects of Amphetamine in Patients with Amphetamine Dependence

“…Human laboratory studies of amphetamine have typically used doses between 10 and 30 mg orally and this has been associated with stimulant-type subjective effects (Martin et al, 1971;Mayfield, 1973). In the present study, dexamphetamine (the dextrorotatory isomer of amphetamine) was used at a dose of 30 mg (Metamina, Recip, six 5 mg tablets).…”

An fMRI Study of the Effect of Amphetamine on Brain Activity,

“…After completing the study, subjects attended a debriefing session and received payment. 2.5 Ϯ 4.8 Cigarettes ( n ; Ͼ 2.5 cigarettes/day) 2 Stimulants ( n ; ever used) 1 Tranquilizers ( n ; ever used) 1 Hallucinogens ( n ; ever used) 3 Opiates ( n ; ever used) 3 Marijuana ( n ; ever used) 8 Inhalants ( n ; ever used) 1 (Martin et al 1971;Foltin and Fischman 1991a,b;de Wit 1995, 1997;de Wit et al 1997;Wachtel and de Wit 1999).…”

“…Subjective drug effects were determined using a 49-item version of the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) (Martin et al 1971) that contains true or false statements sensitive to the effects of several drug classes. This version of the ARCI has five empirically derived scales: the Amphetamine (A), Benzedrine Group (BG), the Morphine-Benzedrine Group (MBG), the Pentobarbital-Chlorpromazine-Alcohol Group (PCAG), and the Lysergide (LSD).…”

Effects of the Mixed Mu/Kappa Opioid Nalbuphine on Cocaine-Induced Changes in Subjective and Cardiovascular Responses in Men

“…Subjective responses and physiological data were collected at 15 min prior to nalbuphine administration and for 2 h and 15 min after nalbuphine administration. Subjective measures included a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a SubjectRated Adjective Checklist, and the short form of the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) (Martin et al, 1971).…”

“…Subjective effect measures included computerized versions of a VAS, a short form of the ARCI (Martin et al, 1971), and a Subject-Rated Adjective Checklist. Items included on the VAS and the Adjective Checklist were based on previous clinical studies of opioid effects and cocaine effects (Preston et al, 1989;Foltin and Fischman, 1992;Zacny et al, 1997;Walsh et al, 2001a).…”