Physico-chemical properties of late-incubation egg amniotic fluid and a potential in ovo feed supplement

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study explored the physico-chemical properties of late-incubation egg amniotic fluid and a potential in ovo feed (IOF) supplement.MethodsAmniotic fluid was collected from broiler breeders (Ross 308, 51 weeks and Cobb 500, 35 weeks) on day 17 after incubation. A mixture of high-quality soy protein supplement – Hamlet Protein AviStart (HPA) was serially diluted in MilliQ water to obtain solutions ranging from 150 to 9.375 mg/mL. The mixtures were heat-treated (0, 30, 60 minutes) in a waterbath (80°C) and then centrifuged to obtain supernatants. The amniotic fluid and HPA supernatants were analysed for their physico-chemical properties.ResultsOnly viscosity and K+ were significantly (p<0.05) different in both strains. Of all essential amino acids, leucine and lysine were in the highest concentration in both strains. The osmolality, viscosity and pCO2 of the supernatants decreased (p<0.05) with decreasing HPA concentration. Heat treatment significantly (p<0.05) affected osmolality, pH, and pCO2, of the supernatants. The interactions between HPA concentration and heat treatment were significant with regards to osmolality (p<0.01), pH (p<0.01), pCO2 (p<0.05), glucose (p<0.05), lactate (p<0.01) and acid-base status (p<0.01) of HPA solutions. The Ca2+, K+, glucose, and lactate increased with increasing concentration of HPA solution. The protein content of HPA solutions decreased (p<0.05) with reduced HPA solution concentrations. The supernatant from 150 mg/mL HPA solution was richest in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine and lysine. Amino acids concentrations were reduced (p<0.05) with each serial dilution but increased with longer heating.ConclusionThe values obtained in the primary solution (highest concentration) are close to the profiles of high-protein ingredients. This supplement, as a solution, hence, may be suitable for use as an IOF supplement and should be tested for this potential.

Chicken embryo development: metabolic and morphological basis for in ovo feeding technology

“…The amnion encloses the embryo during development; the inner cell layer secretes amniotic fluid, which protects the embryo from mechanical and thermal shocks and prevents dehydration. Shortly before hatching (ED17), the embryo ingests amniotic fluid as a source of water and nutrients ( De Oliveira, 2007 ; Omede et al., 2017 ). Amniotic fluid intake is also crucial for intestinal mucosa development and preparation for hatching because the ability to digest and absorb nutrients is poorly developed at this stage ( De Oliveira, 2007 ).…”

“…In the final third of incubation, the internal environment changes considerably, leading to significant shifts in embryonic metabolism. The ingestion of amniotic fluid initiates at approximately 17 d of ED ( ED17 ) ( Uni and Ferket, 2003 ; Lu et al., 2007 ; De Oliveira et al., 2008 ; Omede et al., 2017 ) and substrates become available to be deposited in glycogen stores ( Uni and Ferket, 2003 ). Oxygen availability decreases with the rupture of the chorioallantoic membrane on ED19, and the use of fatty acids becomes ineffective and unable to meet the embryonic energy demands ( Moran, 2007 ).…”

Nutritional Stimulation by In-ovo Feeding Modulates Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation in the Small Intestinal Epithelium of Chicks

“…We base this hypothesis on previous ndings in pigs, which showed that leucine supplementation was most effective in enhancing epithelial cell proliferation when combined with isoleucine and valine (47). Furthermore, amino acid pro ling of the amniotic uid of E17 chick embryos revealed that leucine content was higher than isoleucine and valine (48). These data indicate that amniotic administration of an additional 6 mg of leucine by IOF may have disrupted BCAA ratios, resulting in a reduced induction of SI epithelial proliferation, compared to the potential effects of IOF of leucine combined with other BCAAs.…”

Exploring the effectiveness of in ovo feeding of vitamin C based on the embryonic vitamin C synthesis and absorption in broiler chickens

“…About the endogenous VC absorption during embryonic development, the part is from the mixture of amniotic fluid and albumen [21,22], the other is absorbed from yolk sac [17,23]. Dynamic changes of SVCT1 expression matched the behavior of embryo swallowing amniotic fluid and yolk sac internalization into abdominal cavity [8,16].…”