Physico-chemical and biological properties of dental calcium silicate cements - literature review

Abstract

Dental cement materials have been developed with the aim to replace hard dental tissues. The first material used for pulp capping, root canal obturation, bifurcation perforation and apexification is calcium hydroxide (in 1920). A half century later, glass-ionomer cements began to suppress it as dentine substitutes. Finally, in the 1990s, calcium silicate (CS) material appeared in the dental research community as the most promising dentine substitute capable to adequately meet all clinical requirements. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of literature related to studies about CS materials taking into account their physical, chemical and biological properties and clinical applications. This review aims to discuss beneficial and adverse characteristics of CSs concerning interactions to the hard dentine and soft pulp/periodontal tissues. This review article deals with the literature data about currently commercially available CS concerning laboratory and clinical findings. 109 scientific articles were analyzed of which 62 references reported in vitro and 26 in vivo investigations while 21 references comprised reports, reviews and books dealing with both, in vitro and in vivo investigations. Although further data collection is necessary, CSs are promising materials that represent a gold standard for numerous dental clinical procedures.

Bioactive Inorganic Materials for Dental Applications: A Narrative Review

“…[ 135 ]. It had the ability to induce differentiation of cells into osteogenic cell lineages due to a property known as osteoinductiveness [ 136 ], which could be due to the release of calcium ions. It was reported that the release of calcium supported the differentiation of dental stem cells and enhanced the biomineralization process [ 137 ].…”

Histopathological pulp response of teeth capped with calcium aluminate cement and biodentine: Experimental study on rodents

“…Cement materials in dentistry have been developed to imitate the lost dentine tissue, to mimic biological features as much as possible, and to display bioactive characteristics (Ilić et al, 2019).This is not always simple because of dentine specificity, namely, its close contact with the pulp. In that sense, the local bioactivity of these cement materials is important to induce mineralization within the adjacent dentine (Ilić et al, 2019).…”

The advantages and disadvantages of biodentine: Satisfactory mechanical properties and radiopacity not meeting ISO standard

“…In order to meet clinical requirements of CSC based dental material, a radiopacifier has to be added to its composition to allow cement's visibility on radiographs 2,8,9 . However, finding an ideal balance between the ratio of radiopacifier and cement powder remains a challenge of the dental and engineering community 3,10,11 . When choosing a proper radiopacifier for cement fabrication several aspects should be taken into consideration.…”