Physical mechanism and modeling of heat generation and transfer in magnetic fluid hyperthermia through Néelian and Brownian relaxation: a review

Abstract

Current clinically accepted technologies for cancer treatment still have limitations which lead to the exploration of new therapeutic methods. Since the past few decades, the hyperthermia treatment has attracted the attention of investigators owing to its strong biological rationales in applying hyperthermia as a cancer treatment modality. Advancement of nanotechnology offers a potential new heating method for hyperthermia by using nanoparticles which is termed as magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). In MFH, superparamagnetic nanoparticles dissipate heat through Néelian and Brownian relaxation in the presence of an alternating magnetic field. The heating power of these particles is dependent on particle properties and treatment settings. A number of pre-clinical and clinical trials were performed to test the feasibility of this novel treatment modality. There are still issues yet to be solved for the successful transition of this technology from bench to bedside. These issues include the planning, execution, monitoring and optimization of treatment. The modeling and simulation play crucial roles in solving some of these issues. Thus, this review paper provides a basic understanding of the fundamental and rationales of hyperthermia and recent development in the modeling and simulation applied to depict the heat generation and transfer phenomena in the MFH.

Lanthanide-Doped SPIONs Bioconjugation with Trastuzumab for Potential Multimodal Anticancer Activity and Magnetic Hyperthermia

“…The time required to reach 45 • C (318 K)was monitored in order to evaluate the heating rate and SAR values of the suspension. The conversion of magnetic energy into heat in an alternating magnetic field generally proceeds through the Néel and Brownian effects [26,37,38]. In magnetic hyperthermia, the tumor temperature has to be increased locally up to the value causing changes in the physiology of the cancer cells followed by cell death.…”

“…As can be seen in Figure 6, the application of high frequency 633.1-759 kHz and high amplitude caused a spontaneous rise of the suspension's temperature. The plateau temperature is reached at lower amplitudes, so to reach 45 • C (318 K) the frequencies from 345.5 kHz up to 487.75 kHz and amplitudes 150-200 G are optimal, being within the biophysical limitations for such therapy (the so-called Brezovich limit) [16,24,38].…”

Свойства синтезированных методом пиролиза ультразвуковой аэрозоли наночастиц MgFe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- для биомедицинских применений

“…Можно утверждать, что МГ является эффективным методом лечения рака, поскольку применяется локально и, по сравнению с традиционными методами, приводит к меньшим побочным эффектам, что было продемонстрировано клиническими испытаниями (см., например [14] и ссылки там). Однако, несмотря на многообещающие результаты, МГ не нашла широкого применения в клиниках потому, что необходима всесторонняя адаптация этого метода, требуются оптимизированные МНЧ для МГ лечения и нужны методики доставки МНЧ в область опухоли.…”

Intermittent time-set technique controlling the temperature of magnetic-hyperthermia-ablation for tumor therapy

“…coil size, the frequency and the eld strength of AMF, and the physicochemical property of magnetic particle, which make it complicated to control the increasing temperature during the process of magnetic hyperthermia. 25,26 For example, the small coil size is not suitable for big body, and there exists a safety limit, H*f < 5 Â 10 9 Am À1 S À1 , 31,32 which is empirically imposed on the AMF to protect the body uid from inducing eddy current in clinical applications. 27,28 Although the research devotes to avoid the problem of the need of using high doses of nanoparticles to produce a sufficient heating, which exploits the nanoparticles as "hot spots" sources able to trigger locally cellular responses in the absence of a global temperature rise.…”