Physical-mechanical properties of multinutrient blocks with different binders for goats and sheep intake

Furtado, Dermeval A.; Castro, thiago Benardino de Sousa; Neto, José Pinheiro Lopes; Constantino, Rodrigo A.; Cunha, Maria das Graças Gomes; Nascimento, José Wallace Barbosa do

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n8p558-563

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Hygroscopic properties of protein and energy sources in winter blocks may have aided water absorption winter block specimens. Water absorption relates to the quality of the block, a higher water absorption value indicates a quick release of nutrients and vulnerability to bites by the animals (Furtado et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water absorption tests were performed at Chinhoyi University of Technology, Animal Production and Technology Laboratory after 10 days of drying by initially weighing the block specimens, soaking them in distilled water for 24 hours then weighing again the specimens after removing from water and wiping using a damp cloth. Water absorption values were obtained from the formula given below, based on NBR 9778 as cited in (Furtado et al, 2018). Water absorption tests were carried out in a completely randomized design.…”

Section: Water Absorption Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"Cold chain process" which does not involve the use of heat energy but binding agents in the manufacture of blocks is the commonly used method. Binders agglutinate the ingredients to form a malleable and mouldable mixture that paste attains solidity and becomes resistant when hard-pressed and dried (Furtado et al, 2018). Vitamin and mineral block supplements available on the Zimbabwean market are commonly imported.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Taking bites may lead to excess availability of some minerals to the animal, thus presenting toxicity risks or interferences. For instance, excess sulfur can interfere with copper metabolism, causing copper de ciency(Żarczyńska et al, 2017) Furtado et al (2018),. obtained greatest resistance to simple compression of 208.53 kPa with the addition of lime in multi-nutrient blocks.The inclusion of clay binders in the block specimens resulted in increased water absorption value.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, they have a xed interlayer space, low cation exchange capacity and lower mineral element binding capacity when compared to bentonites(Avérous & Pollet, 2012). Durability and water-proof properties of lick blocks made from clay as sole binders are reduced and licks are vulnerable to bites(Furtado et al, 2018). The release of nutrients becomes quite rapid, resulting in high expenses and toxicity risk.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Binding Efficacy of Clay Binders in Optimized Ash-Based Vitamin-Mineral Block Licks for Cattle

Mutore

Madzimure

Mpofu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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An experiment was done to fabricate summer and winter optimized ash-based vitamin-mineral block lick specimens using cement, bentonite, kaolinite and a combination of these as binders in a ratio of 1:1(w/w) at 15% and 20% inclusion levels, respectively. Treatments were: cement, bentonite, kaolinite, bentonite + cement, bentonite + kaolinite and cement + kaolinite. Bentonite, kaolinite and ash (prime ingredient) were analyzed for mineral profile prior to fabrication. Resulting block specimens were analyzed for compressive strength and water absorption as a measure of the binding efficacy. There was no significant difference (P>0.001) in compressive strength (525± 11.43kPa) for cement and bentonite + cement summer blocks. Compressive strength was significantly higher (P<0.001) in winter block specimens made from the combination of cement and bentonite (47.33± 1.37 kPa). Clays as sole binder could not agglutinate winter blocks. Summer block specimens comprising of cement had the significantly least (P<0.001) water absorption value (1.40 ± 0.923%). Therefore, cement can be combined with bentonitic clay at a ratio of 1:1 summer block licks (500kPa) and winter block licks (39 ± 1 .37kPa) of desirable strength that animals can lick slowly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Absorption Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binding Efficacy of Clay Binders in Optimized Ash-Based Vitamin-Mineral Block Licks for Cattle

Mutore

Madzimure

Mpofu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Evaluation of the Physical Characteristics of Complete Feed Blocks Containing Different Binders

Vidya

Venkateshwarlu

Nagalakshmi

et al. 2021

AJDFR

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Background: Binders play on important role in providing compactness and hardness to the complete feed block (CFB). Hardness of the block is also important to increase the durability of the block. In this view, the present comprehensive study is being taken up to evaluate the effect of different binders on the physical characteristics of the complete feed blocks. Methods: The complete feed is formulated to contain 10.5% CP and 55% TDN based on ICAR-2013 requirements. Feed blocks were prepared with sorghum stover (Roughage to concentrate ratio 50:50) using different binders such as molasses (M), guar meal (GM) and condensed distillery soluble (CDS) at different levels @ 6%, 8% and 10%. The complete feed mixtures were densified into blocks in horizontal feed block-making machine at 1500 psi for a dwell time of one minute. The feed blocks were stored for 48 hr to dry and evaluated for the physical and drying characteristics. Result: The bulk density and durability was higher (P less than 0.001) in M-8, M-10 and GM-10 feed blocks. The GM-8 blocks had higher bulk density (P less than 0.001) but less durable (P less than 0.001) than the other feed blocks. Durability and bulk density of GM-10 and M-10 blocks were comparable with M-8 feed blocks but the PCE of GM-10 and M-10 blocks was 11.61 and 10.75% higher than the M-8 blocks, respectively. CDS when included at 6, 8 or 10% as a binder, the blocks could not be prepared. Based on these results it was concluded that molasses at 8% is best for preparation of the CFBs.

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Ruminant Lick Blocks, Particularly in China: A Review

et al. 2022

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A lick block (LB) is a solidified mixture of molasses, urea, minerals, filler, coagulant and binder that is supplemented to livestock mainly in relatively extensive rearing systems. It provides nutrients, such as soluble sugars, proteins, minerals and vitamins to balance dietary intake and can improve rumen fermentation and facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients. These supplements improve livestock production, reproduction and carcass quality. In addition, LB can partially replace concentrate, serve as a delivery vehicle for additives such as enzymes and drugs and mediate the distribution of grazing livestock. This paper classifies and analyzes representative research; discusses the types, ingredients and current status of the utilization of LB; and systematically reviews the processing technology, quality assessment, influencing factors of intake, action mechanism and application. This review can provide a basis for the development, popularization and application of novel LB products.

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Physical-mechanical properties of multinutrient blocks with different binders for goats and sheep intake

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Binding Efficacy of Clay Binders in Optimized Ash-Based Vitamin-Mineral Block Licks for Cattle

Binding Efficacy of Clay Binders in Optimized Ash-Based Vitamin-Mineral Block Licks for Cattle

Evaluation of the Physical Characteristics of Complete Feed Blocks Containing Different Binders

Ruminant Lick Blocks, Particularly in China: A Review

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