Physical Fitness of the Czechoslovak 12‐ and 15‐year‐old Population

Seliger, V.; Čermák, Vojtěch; Handzo, P; Horák, Jiří; Jirka, Z; Mácek, M; Pribil, M; Rous, J; Skranc, O; Ulbrich, Jessica; Urbanek, Jacek

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1971.tb05689.x

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Perhaps this merely reflects the difference in ability between the two groups of swimmers studied, Cunningham and Eynon (1975) having selected their swimmers on a more general basis with a much wider range of ability. Furthermore our results are considerably larger than the values reported in other research using children not engaged in intensive athletic training (Adams et al, 1961, Cumming and Cumming 1963, Cumming and Friesen 1967, Howell and MacNab 1968, Seliger et al, 1971, Shephard 1971). …”

Section: The Percentage Body Fat Calculations Shown Incontrasting

confidence: 78%

A study of potential Olympic swimmers: I, the starting point.

Bagnall¹,

Kellett²

1977

Br J Sports Med

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Physiological and anthropometric profiles of a group of successful young swimmers are presented. Anthropometrically the swimmers appear to fall within fairly narrow limits but are physically more mature than their peers. Physiologically there is greater diversity within the group representing perhaps the varying demands of the swimming events practised. All values for the physiological parameters measured are high compared with children of similar ages. For the future it is hoped to relate performance in swimming to the variables measured and to assess any changes which occur thus perhaps colouring the profiles presented here. INTRODUCTION SUBJECTS AND METHODS

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Section: The Percentage Body Fat Calculations Shown Incontrasting

confidence: 78%

A study of potential Olympic swimmers: I, the starting point.

Bagnall¹,

Kellett²

1977

Br J Sports Med

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“…The values for heart rate, oxygen uptake and blood lactate concentration, compared with the results from other investigations of non-handicapped groups of corresponding ages (e.g. Astrand and Rodahl 1970, Seliger et al 1971. Eriksson 1972, showed that maximal levels were displayed by the non-handicapped people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Maximal Aerobic Capacity of Young People with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Lundberg¹

1978

Develop Med Child Neuro

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SUMMARY Maximal aerobic capacity in bicycle ergometer tests was studied in nine children (aged 11 to 12 years) and five young men (aged 19 to 23 years), all with a spastic form of cerebral palsy, and compared with non‐handicapped control groups. Results showed somewhat lower values for heart rate, oxygen uptake/kg, ventilation/kg and blood lactate concentrations for the majority of the spastic group. The physical work capacity of the handicapped group amounted to about 50 per cent of the corresponding values for the non‐handicapped controls. Poor mechanical efficiency in the spastic group is the consequence of high oxygen uptake in relation to the work performed. The poor mechanical performance is mainly caused by the extra amount of energy required for qualitative changes in the muscle (constant hypertonia), involuntary movements and stabilizing movements during exercise on the bicycle ergometer. RÉSUMÉ Capacité aérobique maximale chez de jeunes infirmes moteurs cérébraux spastiques La capacité aérobique maximale au test de bicyclette ergométrique a été étudiée chez neuf enfants (âges de 11 à 12 ans) et cinq jeunes gens (âgés de 19 à 23 ans), tous présentant une forme spastique d'infirmité motrice cérébrale; une comparaison a été faite avec un groupe contrôle non handicapé. Les résultats ont montré des valeurs plus faibles dans la fréquence cardiaque, l'absorption d'oxygène par kilo de poids, la ventilation par kilo de poids et la concentration sanguine en lactate pour la majorité du groupe spastique. La capacité de travail physique du groupe handicapé atteignait environ 50 pour cent des valeurs correspondantes obtenues chez les contrôles non handicapés. L'efficience mécanique pauvre dans le groupe spastique est la conséquence d'une absorption d'oxygène élevée pour le travail fourni. La performance mécanique pauvre est liée principalement à l'énergie supplémentaire exigée par les modifications qualitatives du muscle (hypertonie constante), les mouvements involontaires et les mouvements d'équilibration durant les exercices sur la bicyclette ergométrique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Maximale Sauerstoffkapazitat bei jungen Leuten mit einer spastischen Cerebralparese Bei neun Kindern (im Alter von 11 bis 12 Jahren) und fünf jungen Männern (im Alter von 19 bis 23 Jahren), die alle eine spastische Cerebralparese hatten, wurde die maximale Sauerstoffkapazitat bei Fahrradergometertests untersucht und mit gesunden Kontrollen verglichen. Die Mehrzahl der Spastiker hatte eine niedrigere Herzfrequenz, Sauerstoffaufnahme/kg, Atemminutenvolumen/kg und Laktatkonzentration im Blut. Die physische Arbeitsleistung der behinderten Gruppe betrug etwa 50 Prozent von der der gesunden Kontrollen. Geringe mechanische Effizienz bei der Spastikergruppe ist die Folge einer hohen Sauerstoffaufnahme im Verhältnis zur geleisteten Arbeit. Die Ursache für die schlechte mechanische Leistung besteht darin, dass zusätzliche Energie für das Wechselspiel im Muskeltonus (konstante Hypertonie), für unwillkürliche Bewegungen und zum Halten des Gleichgewichtes auf ...

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“…In this study, the most trained subjects have VO2max values per kg body weight 16% higher at 13 and 16.7% higher at 14 years of age than those of the less trained subjects. However, these values were, respectively, 48% and 53% higher than those of sedentary subjects reported in the literature (9,15,17,19). For Kobayashi et al (13), the training effect on VO2max levels would depend on the moment when it is performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Effect of Aerobic Training Quantity on the V̇O₂max of Circumpubertal Swimmers

Mercier¹,

Vago²,

Ramonatxo³

et al. 1987

Int J Sports Med

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Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was measured in 38 swimmers aged 10-14 years. Thirty of 38 boys participated in this study for at least 2 consecutive years. Group 1 consisted of 23 subjects (48 measures) who trained for 7 h/week while group 2 consisted of 15 subjects (27 measures) who trained for 14 h/week. In group 2, VO2 max normalized to body weight was significantly higher at 14 years of age than at 10, whereas the increase was nonsignificant during this period in group 1. The subjects of group 2 showed a large increase of VO2 max/kg body weight from the age of 13, which corresponded in this study to the age of peak height growth velocity. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant at both 13 (P less than 0.02) and 14 years of age (P less than 0.05). At 13 and 14, the most trained subjects also showed significantly higher (P less than 0.05) values of maximal oxygen pulse/kg body weight (VO2 max/kg/HR max). Maximal heart rate (HR max) was similar in the two groups between 10 and 14 years of age. Therefore, we conclude that an increase in a training program of the aerobic type induces a large increase in VO2 max from the age of peak height growth velocity. This is likely due to an increase in the stroke volume.

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Physical Fitness of the Czechoslovak 12‐ and 15‐year‐old Population

Abstract: The nature of the organism's reaction to a physi-years of age. The ratio of urban to rural population -cal load enables us to evaluate the organism's adap-fnllowed from the type Of laboratory.

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

A study of potential Olympic swimmers: I, the starting point.

A study of potential Olympic swimmers: I, the starting point.

Maximal Aerobic Capacity of Young People with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Effect of Aerobic Training Quantity on the V̇O₂max of Circumpubertal Swimmers

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Physical Fitness of the Czechoslovak 12‐ and 15‐year‐old Population

Abstract: The nature of the organism's reaction to a physi-years of age. The ratio of urban to rural population -cal load enables us to evaluate the organism's adap-fnllowed from the type Of laboratory.

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

A study of potential Olympic swimmers: I, the starting point.

A study of potential Olympic swimmers: I, the starting point.

Maximal Aerobic Capacity of Young People with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Effect of Aerobic Training Quantity on the V̇O2max of Circumpubertal Swimmers

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Product

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Effect of Aerobic Training Quantity on the V̇O₂max of Circumpubertal Swimmers