Physical Examination, Preventive Medicine, and Diagnosis in the Ferret

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in ferret and the histological assessment of the endoscopic biopsies

“…Advantages include a minimally invasive approach, complete visualisation of the upper gastrointestinal tract and biopsy sample collection. However, the reports of gastroscopy in pet ferrets are scattered throughout the veterinary literature (Divers 2010, Marini 2014).…”

“…Gastroscopy has been advocated as a useful diagnostic tool in ferrets (Divers 2010, Marini 2014). Techniques describe the use of a flexible gastroscope for individuals weighing more than 1 kg and a rigid endoscope in ferrets weighing less than 1 kg (Divers 2010).…”

Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia

“…Techniques for conscious restraint and physical examination have been reviewed elsewhere (Ko and Marini 2008;Marini, 2014). Young, experimentally naïve ferrets are good anesthetic subjects for which there are many acceptable regimens for anesthesia induction, maintenance, and monitoring.…”