Physical activity and progenitor cell-mediated endothelial repair in chronic heart failure: Is there a role for epigenetics?

Nominalism in Medicine: the case of personalized medicine or precision medicine

“…Rapid changes in the epigenetic organization and structure of the non-coding genome allow cancer cells to respond in a very rapid and very efficient way to many intrinsic or external stimuli and to overcome stressful situations. As well, environmental pesticides and fungicides, stimulant drug exposure 36 and oxidative stresses and increased ROS formation, 37 smoking, 38 diet, 39 physical exercise, [40][41][42] and traumatic accidents in pediatric age and adolescence can alter the epigenetic organization of chromatin resulting in dramatic changes in gene expression.…”

Vasculogenesis and Its Cellular Therapeutic Applications

“…The 'early' outgrowth cells, selected by short-term culture, are classified as immediately adherent cells of hematopoietic origin expressing CD45, CD14 and CD11b, apart from VEGFR2 (Flk-1). They are able to support vasculogenesis and angiogenesis but are not able to spontaneously form tubules in vitro [Rehman et al, 2003;Hirschi et al, 2008;Yoder, 2012Yoder, , 2013Rajasekar et al, 2015;Recchioni et al, 2016]. The 'early' EPCs contribute to angiogenesis in a paracrine manner by secreting proangiogenic molecules, and are able to incorporate into capillaries in perivascular positions [Hirschi et al, 2008].…”

“…The hindlimb ischemia model demonstrated the BM to be a major source of cEPCs for vasculogenesis in granulation tissue. The mobilization of these progenitor cells from BM can be induced by SDF-1 (stromal-derived factor), G-CSF (granulocyte colonystimulating factor), VEGF, bFGF, PLGF (placenta growth factor), erythropoietin, angiopoietin-1, estrogens, insulin, statins, CXCR4 antagonists and other mediators, such as IL-6 or IL-10 [Fee et al, 2000;Balaji et al, 2013;Blum, 2015;Recchioni et al, 2016]. For example, IL-10 acts on cEPC mobilization from the BM to areas of wound healing after myocardial infarction, and this mobilization seems to be regulated through SDF-1/CXCR4 and STAT-3/ VEGF signaling mechanisms [Balaji et al, 2013].…”

“…For example, IL-10 acts on cEPC mobilization from the BM to areas of wound healing after myocardial infarction, and this mobilization seems to be regulated through SDF-1/CXCR4 and STAT-3/ VEGF signaling mechanisms [Balaji et al, 2013]. Of note is the importance of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase expressed in BM stromal cells; endothelial NO synthase from MSCs influences the EPC recruitment from BM and migration via the induction/activation of MMP9 and NO synthesis [Recchioni et al, 2016].…”

Endothelial progenitor cells in ageing

“…In particular, they will summarize the current knowledge on the contribution of EPCs to endothelial repair mechanisms in patients with chronic heart failure, focusing on the effects induced by exercise training, and hypothesizing that some of these effects can be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, i.e. microRNA modulation (Recchioni et al, 2016).…”