Physical Activity and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Stephen, Ruth; Hongisto, Kristiina; Solomon, Alina; Lönnroos, Eija

doi:10.1093/gerona/glw251

Cited by 157 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Delaying the onset of this failure might delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease. At present, physical exercise that maintains vascular health is one of the few potential protective treatments available for LOAD [55][56][57][58]. Indeed, a recent systematic review has revealed for the first time an association between physical exercise and better cognitive outcomes at expected symptom onset in individuals with fAD [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated loss of hypoxia response in zebrafish with familial Alzheimer’s disease-like mutation of Presenilin 1

Newman

Nik

Sutherland

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Ageing is the major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a condition involving brain hypoxia. Expression of transcriptional regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia, HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1 (HIF1), increases with brain age.HIF1 interacts with PRESENILIN 1 (PSEN1), the major locus for mutations causing familial AD (fAD). We introduced two fAD-like mutations into zebrafish psen1 and analysed their effects on HIF1-controlled gene expression in brains. Mutant psen1 alleles accelerated age-dependent changes in HIF1-controlled gene expression. Also, aged brains shifted into an unexpected state where HIF1-controlled genes show "inverted" responses to hypoxia. Intriguingly, zebrafish psen1 expression was biased towards mutant psen1 alleles over wild type alleles in an age-and hypoxia-dependent manner. Brains of human PSEN1 fAD mutation carriers showed reduced PSEN1 mRNA expression but no allelic bias. Our results are consistent with "molecular ageing" being a necessary precondition for AD and with AD identifiable as a distinct, pathological brain molecular state.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated loss of hypoxia response in zebrafish with familial Alzheimer’s disease-like mutation of Presenilin 1

Newman

Nik

Sutherland

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…98 Building on the connection between heart health and brain health, researchers have found that factors that protect the heart may also protect the brain and reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's or other dementias. Physical activity [115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125] appears to be one of these…”

Section: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2020

Alzheimer's & Dementia

1,962

653

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This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report discusses the future challenges of meeting care demands for the growing number of people living with Alzheimer's dementia in the United States with a particular emphasis on primary care. By mid‐century, the number of Americans age 65 and older with Alzheimer's dementia may grow to 13.8 million. This represents a steep increase from the estimated 5.8 million Americans age 65 and older who have Alzheimer's dementia today. Official death certificates recorded 122,019 deaths from AD in 2018, the latest year for which data are available, making Alzheimer's the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2018, deaths resulting from stroke, HIV and heart disease decreased, whereas reported deaths from Alzheimer's increased 146.2%. In 2019, more than 16 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.6 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias. This care is valued at nearly $244 billion, but its costs extend to family caregivers’ increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 23 times as great. Total payments in 2020 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $305 billion. As the population of Americans living with Alzheimer's dementia increases, the burden of caring for that population also increases. These challenges are exacerbated by a shortage of dementia care specialists, which places an increasing burden on primary care physicians (PCPs) to provide care for people living with dementia. Many PCPs feel underprepared and inadequately trained to handle dementia care responsibilities effectively. This report includes recommendations for maximizing quality care in the face of the shortage of specialists and training challenges in primary care.

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“…Emerging evidence shows that exercise and physical activity may have positive effects on cognitive and physical function in older adults with CI and dementia [2-5]; however, low adherence has been reported [6, 7]. The chief reasons for nonadherence included a low willingness to continue (35%) and behavioral disorders (40%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality-Based Tai Chi Exercise on Cognitive and Physical Function in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment

Hsieh

Lin

Hsu

et al. 2018

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background: Tai Chi (TC) is a Chinese mind-body exercise with proven physical and psychological benefits. A modified TC via virtual reality (VR) may be suitable for the elderly owing to the immediate guidance and feedback regarding movement accuracy. This study explored the cognitive and physical effects of a VR-based TC (VRTC) exercise program on older adults with cognitive impairment (CI). Methods: Sixty older adults with CI were cluster-assigned to either the VRTC or the control group; the intervention was conducted twice weekly for 6 months. Outcomes included cognitive and physical functions. The movement accuracy score and attendance were recorded. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results: Adjusted GEE analysis showed significant interaction effects in the 6-min walk test, 30-s sit-to-stand test, functional reach, 5-m gait speed, and abstract thinking and judgment. Overall, medium to large effect sizes (d = 0.50–0.82) were found in favor of the VRTC group. The average movement accuracy score in the first 3 months significantly predicted improvement in cognitive performance (p = 0.011). Conclusions: The VRTC exercise posed a protective effect for some cognitive and physical functions in older adults with CI. The more engaging the program, the greater the improvement in the cognitive performance.

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Physical Activity and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Cited by 157 publications

References 60 publications

Accelerated loss of hypoxia response in zebrafish with familial Alzheimer’s disease-like mutation of Presenilin 1

Accelerated loss of hypoxia response in zebrafish with familial Alzheimer’s disease-like mutation of Presenilin 1

2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

The Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality-Based Tai Chi Exercise on Cognitive and Physical Function in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment

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