Phylogeography of the Caribbean Rock Iguana (Cyclura): Implications for Conservation and Insights on the Biogeographic History of the West Indies

Malone, Catherine L.; Wheeler, Tana; Taylor, Jeremy F.; Davis, Scott K.

doi:10.1006/mpev.2000.0836

Cited by 63 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The separation of Clades A and B was dated based on net average distance (pdistance) between two groups, i.e., 6.34% for ND4-tRNA LEU and 4.54% for 12S rRNA + 16S rRNA, excluding P. axillaris, P. mystaceus, and P. helioscopus because of their uncertain phylogenetic position. Since the Cyt b locus did not amplify in 11 samples, only the rates derived from ND4-tRNA LEU (1.13-2.04% per million years, estimated from the data of Malone et al, 2000, andRassmann, 1997) and 12S rRNA + 16S rRNA (0.73-1.32% per million years) were used in the molecular caliberation (Zamudio and Green, 1997). All estimated divergence times were within the last 6.2 million years (5.6-3.1 million years for ND4-tRNA LEU and 6.2-3.4 million years for 12S rRNA + 16S rRNA).…”

Section: Combined Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mitochondrial DNA genes such as ND4-tRNA LEU , 12S ribosome RNA (12S rRNA), 16S ribosome RNA (16S rRNA), and cytochrome b (Cyt b) have been widely used for elucidating interspecific phylogenetic relationships among reptiles, including lizards (Malone et al, 2000;Mausfeld et al, 2000;Parkinson et al, 2000;Sites et al, 1996). More importantly, large molecular datasets under appropriate phylogenetic analyses have shown the potential to resolve longstanding controversies in systematics (Murphy et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A phylogeny of Chinese species in the genus Phrynocephalus (Agamidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

Pang

Wang

Zhong

et al. 2003

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Section: Combined Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phylogeny of Chinese species in the genus Phrynocephalus (Agamidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

Pang

Wang

Zhong

et al. 2003

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…Where populations of a species occur on several islands, introductions from one island to bolster a failing population on another island is possible, but it is important to determine the genetic distinctiveness of individual island populations before mixing them (e.g. Malone et al 2000). For example, although populations of the Adelaide's warbler on Barbuda and St Lucia are not endangered, their mitochondrial DNA indicates that the populations have been evolving independently for more than 1 000 000 years (Lovette et al 1998).…”

Section: The Human Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

The West Indies as a laboratory of biogeography and evolution

Ricklefs

Bermingham

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

211

267

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Islands have long provided material and inspiration for the study of evolution and ecology. The West Indies are complex historically and geographically, providing a rich backdrop for the analysis of colonization, diversification and extinction of species. They are sufficiently isolated to sustain endemic forms and close enough to sources of colonists to develop a dynamic interaction with surrounding continental regions. The Greater Antilles comprise old fragments of continental crust, some very large; the Lesser Antilles are a more recent volcanic island arc, and the low-lying Bahama Islands are scattered on a shallow oceanic platform. Dating of island lineages using molecular methods indicates over-water dispersal of most inhabitants of the West Indies, although direct connections with what is now southern Mexico in the Early Tertiary, and subsequent land bridges or stepping stone islands linking to Central and South America might also have facilitated colonization. Species-area relationships within the West Indies suggest a strong role for endemic radiations and extinction in shaping patterns of diversity. Diversification is promoted by opportunities for allopatric divergence between islands, or within the large islands of the Greater Antilles, with a classic example provided by the Anolis lizards. The timing of colonization events using molecular clocks permits analysis of colonization-extinction dynamics by means of species accumulation curves. These indicate low rates of colonization and extinction for reptiles and amphibians in the Greater Antilles, with estimated average persistence times of lineages in the West Indies exceeding 30 Myr. Even though individual island populations of birds might persist an average of 2 Myr on larger islands in the Lesser Antilles, recolonization from within the archipelago appears to maintain avian lineages within the island chain indefinitely. Birds of the Lesser Antilles also provide evidence of a mass extinction event within the past million years, emphasizing the time-heterogeneity of historical processes. Geographical dynamics are matched by ecological changes in the distribution of species within islands over time resulting from adaptive radiation and shifts in habitat, often following repeatable patterns. Although extinction is relatively infrequent under natural conditions, changes in island environments as a result of human activities have exterminated many populations and othersespecially old, endemic species-remain vulnerable. Conservation efforts are strengthened by recognition of aesthetic, cultural and scientific values of the unique flora and fauna of the West Indies.

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“…For ND4, we targeted an approximately 900 bp DNA fragment that included the 3 0 half of the ND4 gene and most of the tRNA cluster containing the histidine, serine and leucine tRNA genes. This region has proved particularly useful at comparable taxonomic levels in numerous squamate reptile groups, including other iguanas (Malone et al 2000). For cytochrome b, we targeted an approximately 900 bp DNA fragment that has proved very useful in the phylogenetic studies of many squamate groups, including iguanids (Petren & Case 1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and morphological analysis of the critically endangered Fijian iguanas reveals cryptic diversity and a complex biogeographic history

Keogh

Edwards

Fisher

et al. 2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The Pacific iguanas of the Fijian and Tongan archipelagos are a biogeographic enigma in that their closest relatives are found only in the New World. They currently comprise two genera and four species of extinct and extant taxa. The two extant species, Brachylophus fasciatus from Fiji, Tonga, and Vanuatu and Brachylophus vitiensis from western Fiji, are of considerable conservation concern with B. vitiensis listed as critically endangered. A recent molecular study has shown that Brachylophus comprised three evolutionarily significant units. To test these conclusions and to reevaluate the phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships within Brachylophus, we generated an mtDNA dataset consisting of 1462 base pairs for 61 individuals from 13 islands, representing both Brachylophus species. Unweighted parsimony analyses and Bayesian analyses produced a well-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis supported by high bootstrap values and posterior probabilities within Brachylophus. Our data reject the monophyly of specimens previously believed to comprise B. fasciatus. Instead, our data demonstrate that living Brachylophus comprise three robust and well-supported clades that do not correspond to current taxonomy. One of these clades comprises B. fasciatus from the Lau group of Fiji and Tonga (type locality for B. fasciatus), while a second comprises putative B. fasciatus from the central regions of Fiji, which we refer to here as B. n. sp. Animals in this clade form the sister group to B. vitiensis rather than other B. fasciatus. We herein describe this clade as a new species of Brachylophus based on molecular and morphological data. With only one exception, every island is home to one or more unique haplotypes. We discuss alternative biogeographic hypotheses to explain their distribution in the Pacific and the difficulties of distinguishing these. Together, our molecular and taxonomic results have important implications for future conservation initiatives for the Pacific iguanas.

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Phylogeography of the Caribbean Rock Iguana (Cyclura): Implications for Conservation and Insights on the Biogeographic History of the West Indies

Cited by 63 publications

References 49 publications

A phylogeny of Chinese species in the genus Phrynocephalus (Agamidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

A phylogeny of Chinese species in the genus Phrynocephalus (Agamidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

The West Indies as a laboratory of biogeography and evolution

Molecular and morphological analysis of the critically endangered Fijian iguanas reveals cryptic diversity and a complex biogeographic history

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