Phylogeny and Classification of the Superfamily Scorpionoidea Latreille 1802 (Chelicerata, Scorpiones): An Exemplar Approach

Abstract

S. A. Stockwell (1989, "Revision of the Phylogeny and multistate characters, yielded the scheme of relationships: (Bothriuridae ((Heteroscorpionidae Urodacinae) Higher Classification of Scorpions (Chelicerata)." Univ. ((Hemiscorpiinae Ischnuridae) (Diplocentridae Scorpiof California, Berkeley) proposed a cladogram and oninae)))). On the basis of these results, revisions are revised classification for the superfamily Scorpionoidea proposed to the existing suprageneric classification of Latreille 1802 (comprising the families Bothriuridae, the Scorpionoidea, including new diagnoses, new Diplocentridae, Heteroscorpionidae, Ischnuridae, and descriptions, and an illustrated key to the families and Scorpionidae), based on 47 morphological characters and subfamilies. Familial status is provided for the scorpi-35 supraspecific terminal taxa, representing genera onid subfamilies Hemiscorpiinae and Urodacinae. ᭧ 2000 whose monophyly was implicitly assumed. Given the The Willi Hennig Society widespread practice of defining scorpion genera on the basis of plesiomorphic character states, the assumption of monophyly implicit in supraspecific terminal taxa

Phylogenomic resolution of scorpions reveals multilevel discordance with morphological phylogenetic signal

“…Owing to the paucity of genomic resources available for Iurida, few existing datasets can presently be added to our supermatrices, and at considerable expense of matrix occupancy ( figure 3; electronic supplementary material, table S2). Adding four small datasets to our analyses (Scorpio maurus palmatus, Heterometrus petersii and two species of Scorpiops) indicated the monophyly of the genus Scorpiops with maximal nodal support, even though few genes (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) are available for the Scorpiops species; other relationships within 'Chactoidea' were not affected ( figure 3a). By contrast, addition of two scorpionids rendered the family Scorpionidae diphyletic in the best-scoring ML topology, with Scorpio maurus palmatus (represented by seven genes) nesting within the non-Liocheles hormurids (bootstrap resampling frequency of 69%; figure 3a).…”

“…Collecting locality information, statistics on sequencing yields and accession numbers are provided as the electronic supplementary material, table S1. All extant families of scorpions were sampled, except for Hemiscorpiidae and Heteroscorpionidae (previously considered sister to, or part of, Hormuridae and Urodacidae, respectively [20,34]), and Typhlochactidae (considered part of or sister to Superstitioniidae; [20,35]). Tissue preservation and RNA sequencing are as described by Sharma et al [15].…”

Rumikiru, n. gen. (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae), a New Scorpion Genus from the Atacama Desert

“…18C, D, 22A, C, D, 24A, B, 25A, B), is also unique in the family. The apophysis is situated in the distal third of the surface in all other bothriurid taxa in which it occurs, and is absent from the pedipalp chela manus of basal bothriurids, e.g., Lisposoma Lawrence, 1928, and Thestylus Simon, 1880 (Prendini, 2000. The shape of the apophysis and the position of trichobothium ib distal to it are also unique to Rumikiru, n. gen.…”

“…This isolation has created a high level of endemism in the country, especially in southern Chile, where there are three endemic scorpion genera in the family Bothriuridae Simon, 1880: Centromachetes Lönnberg, 1897, Phoniocercus Pocock, 1893, and Tehuankea Cekalovic, 1973. These genera occur almost exclusively in the cold to temperate forests of the area, and are related to the endemic Australian bothriurid genus Cercophonius Peters, 1861 (Prendini, 2000. Another endemic Chilean scorpion genus, Caraboctonus Pocock, 1893 (family Iuridae Thorell, 1876), has a widespread distribution in the central part of the country (Lourenço, 1995;Agusto et al, 2006).…”

A New Species of Typhlochactas (Scorpiones, Typhlochactinae) from Eastern Mexico

“…Measurements follow Stahnke (1970) and were recorded in mm. Morphological terminology follows Vachon (1974) for trichobothrial nomenclature, but we adopt the interpretation of Typhlochactas trichobothrial patterns presented by Prendini and Wheeler (2005), Hjelle (1990), and Sissom (1990) for pedipalp segmentation; Stahnke (1970), Sissom (1990), and Prendini (2000) for remaining features. Photographs were taken under UV and visible light using a Microptics TM ML-1000 digital imaging system.…”