Phylogenomic analyses of a Mediterranean earthworm family (Annelida: Hormogastridae)

Novo, Marta; Fernández, Rosa; Andrade, Sónia C. S.; Marchán, Daniel F.; Cunha, Luís

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.026

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The current study confirmed relationships within Lumbricoidea put forth by [12], and resolved an outstanding conflict about Hormogastridae, which was found to be monophyletic in [65] but paraphyletic or unresolved due to the placement of Hemigastrodrilus in [12]. Although analyses of the 75% data set support paraphyly of Hormogastridae, analyses of the 25 and 50% data sets, as well as all “deleted outgroup” data sets, return a monophyletic Hormogastridae (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Though we did not include leeches in our analyses, previous studies have supported a sister-group relationship between leeches and their allies (branchiobdellidans and Acanthobdella ) and Lumbriculidae [13, 18], providing a minimum age for divergence of the Lumbiculidae + Hirudinea clade and Crassiclitellata based on the earliest fossil cocoons attributable to leeches. We used 67 Mya as a minimum age and 97 Mya as a maximum age for the deepest divergence within Hormogastridae as represented in our data matrices [59] (the node subtending Hemigastrodrilus monicae and Vignysa popi / Hormogaster elisae ; a recent phylogenomic study of Hormogastridae [65] corroborates this pattern of relationships). Finally, we argue that a minimum age of crown-group Annelida (520 Mya) is suitable as a maximum age constraint for the root of our phylogeny, because no evidence of clitellates is known prior to the Permian, and the root of our phylogeny is deeply nested within Clitellata, which is itself deeply nested within the annelid crown group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenomic analyses of Crassiclitellata support major Northern and Southern Hemisphere clades and a Pangaean origin for earthworms

et al. 2017

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BackgroundEarthworms (Crassiclitellata) are a diverse group of annelids of substantial ecological and economic importance. Earthworms are primarily terrestrial infaunal animals, and as such are probably rather poor natural dispersers. Therefore, the near global distribution of earthworms reflects an old and likely complex evolutionary history. Despite a long-standing interest in Crassiclitellata, relationships among and within major clades remain unresolved.MethodsIn this study, we evaluate crassiclitellate phylogenetic relationships using 38 new transcriptomes in combination with publicly available transcriptome data. Our data include representatives of nearly all extant earthworm families and a representative of Moniligastridae, another terrestrial annelid group thought to be closely related to Crassiclitellata. We use a series of differentially filtered data matrices and analyses to examine the effects of data partitioning, missing data, compositional and branch-length heterogeneity, and outgroup inclusion.Results and discussionWe recover a consistent, strongly supported ingroup topology irrespective of differences in methodology. The topology supports two major earthworm clades, each of which consists of a Northern Hemisphere subclade and a Southern Hemisphere subclade. Divergence time analysis results are concordant with the hypothesis that these north-south splits are the result of the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea.ConclusionsThese results support several recently proposed revisions to the classical understanding of earthworm phylogeny, reveal two major clades that seem to reflect Pangaean distributions, and raise new questions about earthworm evolutionary relationships.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0973-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic analyses of Crassiclitellata support major Northern and Southern Hemisphere clades and a Pangaean origin for earthworms

et al. 2017

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“…The members of the family Hormogastridae (including Ailoscolecidae; James & Davidson, ; Novo et al ., ) show a wide range of body sizes (Fig. ), from 0.5 to 100 g and from 3 to 90 cm in length, approximately, for clitellated specimens (Cobolli Sbordoni et al ., ; Omodeo & Rota, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Evaluating evolutionary pressures and phylogenetic signal in earthworms: a case study - the number of typhlosole lamellae in Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta)

et al. 2016

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Rarely have phylogenetic comparative methods been used to study the correlation between phenotypic traits and environmental variables in invertebrates. With the widespread convergence and conservativeness of the morphological characters used in earthworms, these comparative methods could be useful to improve our understanding of their evolution and systematics. One of the most prominent morphological characters in the family Hormogastridae, endemic to Mediterranean areas, is their multilamellar typhlosole, traditionally thought to be an adaptation to soils poor in nutrients. We tested the correlation of body size and soil characteristics with the number of typhlosole lamellae through a phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) analysis. An ultrametric phylogenetic hypothesis was built with a 2580-bp DNA sequence from 90 populations, used in combination with three morphological and 11 soil variables. The best-supported model, based on the Akaike information criterion, was obtained by optimizing the parameters lambda (k), kappa (j), and delta (d). The phylogenetic signal was strong for the number of typhlosole lamellae and average body weight, and was lower for soil variables. Increasing body weight appeared to be the main evolutionary pressure behind the increase in the number of typhlosole lamellae, with soil texture and soil richness having a weaker but significant effect. Information on the evolutionary rate of the number of typhlosole lamellae suggested that the early evolution of this character could have strongly shaped its variability, as is found in an adaptive radiation. This work highlights the importance of implementing the phylogenetic comparative method to test evolutionary hypotheses in invertebrate taxa.

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“…Interestingly, Tyrrhenian and Disjunct have been hypothesized to be sister clades based on morphology (sharing multiple spermathecae) and phylogenomic analysis [22]. Unfortunately, the scarce occurrence data for individual species of Hormogastridae hinders any attempt of correlating niche similarity and phylogenetic relatedness at a finer scale, but it could be more easily implemented to other groups of soil fauna with more widespread species.…”

Section: Ecological Characterization and Niche Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phylogeny of Hormogastridae has been clarified in the last years using molecular evidence: after [21,22,23] it has been divided in 9 clades. Xana, Vignysa, Hemigastrodrilus and Ailoscolex had already been described as independent genus, but the other five remain artificially joined in the catch-all genus Hormogaster.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroecological inferences on soil fauna through comparative niche modeling: The case of Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta)

Marchán

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Fernández

et al. 2016

European Journal of Soil Biology

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Phylogenomic analyses of a Mediterranean earthworm family (Annelida: Hormogastridae)

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Phylogenomic analyses of Crassiclitellata support major Northern and Southern Hemisphere clades and a Pangaean origin for earthworms

Phylogenomic analyses of Crassiclitellata support major Northern and Southern Hemisphere clades and a Pangaean origin for earthworms

Evaluating evolutionary pressures and phylogenetic signal in earthworms: a case study - the number of typhlosole lamellae in Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta)

Macroecological inferences on soil fauna through comparative niche modeling: The case of Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta)

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