Phylogenetic status of brown troutSalmo truttapopulations in five rivers from the southern Caspian Sea and two inland lake basins, Iran: a morphogenetic approach

Abstract

Interrelationships, origin and phylogenetic affinities of brown trout Salmo trutta populations from the southern Caspian Sea basin, Orumieh and Namak Lake basins in Iran were analysed from complete mtDNA control region sequences, 12 microsatellite loci and morphological characters. Among 129 specimens from six populations, seven haplotypes were observed. Based on mtDNA haplotype data, the Orumieh and southern Caspian populations did not differ significantly, but the Namak basin-Karaj population presented a unique haplotype closely related to the haplotypes of the other populations (0·1% Kimura two-parameter, K2P divergence). All Iranian haplotypes clustered as a distinct group within the Danube phylogenetic grouping, with an average K2P distance of 0·41% relative to other Danubian haplotypes. The Karaj haplotype in the Namak basin was related to a haplotype (Da26) formerly identified in the Tigris basin in Turkey, to a Salmo trutta oxianus haplotype from the Aral Sea basin, and to haplotype Da1a with two mutational steps, as well as to other Iranian haplotypes with one to two mutational steps, which may indicate a centre of origin in the Caspian basin. In contrast to results of the mtDNA analysis, more pronounced differentiation was observed among the populations studied in the morphological and microsatellite DNA data, except for the two populations from the Orumieh basin, which were similar, possibly due to anthropogenic causes.

Lack of mtDNA variation among remote middle Volga and upper Ural brown trout suggests recent and rapid recolonization

“…In the past few years the genetic diversity and phylogeny of anadromous and resident populations of trout from the southern part of the Caspian basin and from the Namak and Orumeih lakes in Iran were studied using mitochondrial DNA control region (CR mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) markers. Several new, highly related haplotypes, all belonging to the Danubian lineage (DA), were detected (Hashemzadeh Segherloo et al., ; Vera et al., ). Hashemzadeh Segherloo et al.…”

“…Hashemzadeh Segherloo et al. () considered that the stated populations should not be regarded as distinct subspecies ( Salmo trutta caspius ) or species ( S. caspius ), but rather a Danube phylogenetic lineage within S. trutta . Compared to the results obtained with CR mtDNA analysis, the microsatellite‐based results, with minor exceptions, showed a higher degree of inter‐population variation (Hashemzadeh Segherloo et al., ; Vera et al., ).…”

Embryonic development of the endangered Caspian brown trout,Salmo trutta caspius(Kessler, 1877)

“…Based on its morphological characteristics, the Caspian brown trout has been classified as a subspecies of the brown trout (S. trutta caspius) (Berg, 1962). A morphogenetic comparison of European brown trout and Caspian brown trout populations identified in five rivers from the southern Caspian Sea and two inland lake basins in Iran, revealed the latter clustered as a distinct group within the Danube phylogenetic grouping (Hashemzadeh Segherloo et al, 2012).…”

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic origin of brown trout Salmo trutta populations in eastern Balkans

“…All haplotypes found in the Caspian Sea basin and two inland lake basins in Iran (Vera et al 2011;Segherloo et al 2012) and the Aral Sea basin (Griffiths et al 2009) belonged also to this group. The second group, in this study named as the 'Black Sea group' (DaBS), included the haplotypes from the Timiş River, Beli Vit River, one haplotype from the Džepska River (carried by one individual) and all found haplotypes from the non-Danube locations of the Black Sea catchment.…”

“…However, concerning only the frequencies of the haplotypes within the DaDA group, an expansion was indicated by the unimodal trend of the mismatch distribution (raggedness index not significant), by the Tajima's D test (-1.436, P < 0.05) and by the Fu's Fs (-14.227, P < 0.001). Frequencies of haplotypes revealed in this as well as previous (Duftner et al 2003;Meraner et al 2007;Griffiths et al 2009;Vera et al 2011;Segherloo et al 2012) studies were included in this analysis.…”