Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic clawless eutardigrade genus Apodibius Dastych, 1983 (Tardigrada), based on 18S and 28S rRNA sequence data from its type species A. confusus

Dabert, Mirosława; Dastych, H.; Hohberg, Karin; Dabert, Jacek

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.012

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Two nuclear ribosomal genes 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA were chosen because they have been proven informative for tardigrade phylogenies in previous analyses (Bertolani et al, ; Cesari et al, ; Dabert et al, ; Guidetti et al, ; Guil & Giribet, ; Jørgensen, Møbjerg, & Kristensen, ; Marley et al, ; Sands et al, ; Vecchi et al, ). DNA was extracted from 45 individuals (Table ) with the DNeasy Tissue Kit (Qiagen) following the manufacturer's protocol (including the 10‐min incubation at 72°C after adding Buffer AL, currently deleted from manufacturer protocol), and re‐suspended in 100 μl of ddH 2 O, as described by Guil and Giribet ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both analysed classes (Heterotardigrada and Eutardigrada) have been supported in many studies (Bertolani et al, ; Garey, Nelson, Mackey, & Li, ; Marley, McInnes, & Chester, ; Sands et al, ), even though class monophyly has been proven to be outgroup dependent (Guil & Giribet, ). In addition, modifications towards a natural classification of tardigrades have been proposed based on molecular phylogenies (Bertolani et al, ; Dabert, Dastych, Hohberg, & Dabert, ; Guil & Giribet, ; Guil, Machordom, & Guidetti, ; Marley et al, ; Sands et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phylogenetically, it has been demonstrated that former Calohypsibiidae was polyphyletic, with Calohypsibius within Hypsibioidea (Figure 6), and the claw reduced genera within Isohypsibioidea (creating a new family Hexapodibiidae; Cesari et al, 2016). The other lineage, Necopinatidae, was composed by Necopinatum and Apodibius, two claw reduced and clawless genera, respectively (Dabert et al, 2014;Degma et al, 2018;Pilato & Binda, 2010). The assertion of the homoplastic evolution of claw reduction within Eutardigrada was confirmed when supported by redundant information of claw reduction in the eutardigrade morphological phylogeny (Guil, Machordom, et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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An upgraded comprehensive multilocus phylogeny of the Tardigrada tree of life

2018

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Providing accurate animals’ phylogenies rely on increasing knowledge of neglected phyla. Tardigrada diversity evaluated in broad phylogenies (among phyla) is biased towards eutardigrades. A comprehensive phylogeny is demanded to establish the representative diversity and propose a more natural classification of the phylum. So, we have performed multilocus (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA) phylogenies with Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood. We propose the creation of a new class within Tardigrada, erecting the order Apochela (Eutardigrada) as a new Tardigrada class, named Apotardigrada comb. n. Two groups of evidence support its creation: (a) morphological, presence of cephalic appendages, unique morphology for claws (separated branches) and wide‐elongated buccopharyngeal apparatus without placoids, and (b) phylogenetic support based on molecular data. Consequently, order Parachela is suppressed and its superfamilies erected as orders within Eutardigrada, maintaining their current names. We propose a new classification within the family Echiniscidae (Echiniscoidea, Heterotardigrada) with morphological and phylogenetic support: (a) subfamily Echiniscinae subfam. n., with two tribes Echiniscini tribe n. and Bryodelphaxini tribe n.; (b) subfamily Pseudechiniscinae subfam. n., with three tribes Cornechiniscini tribe n., Pseudechiniscini tribe n. and Anthechiniscini tribe n.; and (c) subfamily Parechiniscinae subfam. n., with two tribes Parechiniscini tribe n. and Novechiniscini tribe n. Reliable biodiversity selection for tardigrades in broad phylogenies is proposed due to biased analyses performed up to now. We use our comprehensive molecular phylogeny to evaluate the evolution of claws in the clawless genus Apodibius and claw reduction across the Tardigrada tree of life. Evolutionary consequences are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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An upgraded comprehensive multilocus phylogeny of the Tardigrada tree of life

2018

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“…In the years 2008 and 2009, one of the Apodibius species, the type species Apodibius confusus Dastych, was found in large quantities in the soil substrate of a post‐mining site in Germany (Hohberg, Russell & Elmer, ). This allowed us to collect material for molecular studies (Dabert et al ., ), and to perform a redescription of the species (H. Dastych, unpubl. data) and morphological study of its buccopharyngeal apparatus (present study).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A first attempt was made by Dabert et al . () who compared 18S and 28S rRNA sequences of A. confusus with those of other closely and more distantly related species. Dabert et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The feeding apparatus and taxonomic position of clawlessApodibius confususDastych, 1983 (Tardigrada: Isohypsibiidae)

Hohberg

Lang

2016

Zool J Linn Soc

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Phylogenetic positioning within Eutardigrada is based mainly on claw and buccopharyngeal morphology. In tardigrades that lack claws, i.e. representatives of the genus Apodibius, buccopharyngeal structures are the only morphological characters used for systematic classification. Investigating the feeding apparatus of Apodibius confusus Dastych, 1983 with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, the present study added morphological affirmation to the recently published molecular classification of A. confusus as a representative of Isohypsibiidae. The present study aimed to disentangle which of the Isohypsibiidae genera A. confusus is most closely related to. From a morphological point of view and with the SEM images presently available, A. confusus appears closest to Hexapodibius and Doryphoribius. The present study once more revealed the need for investigations that combine molecular and detailed morphological data to finally disentangle the phylogeny of Isohypsibiidae.

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Field and Laboratory Methods

Degma

2018

Water Bears: The Biology of Tardigrades

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Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic clawless eutardigrade genus Apodibius Dastych, 1983 (Tardigrada), based on 18S and 28S rRNA sequence data from its type species A. confusus

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

An upgraded comprehensive multilocus phylogeny of the Tardigrada tree of life

An upgraded comprehensive multilocus phylogeny of the Tardigrada tree of life

The feeding apparatus and taxonomic position of clawlessApodibius confususDastych, 1983 (Tardigrada: Isohypsibiidae)

Field and Laboratory Methods

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