Phylogenetic overdispersion of plant species in southern Brazilian savannas

Silva, Igor Aurélio; Batalha, Marco Antônio

doi:10.1590/s1519-69842009000400011

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…The Cerrado represents another major ecoregion in terms of its lichen biota, comparable in diversity to the Amazon and the Atlantic forest, and requires further study. Our observation of phylogenetic overdispersion for the Cerradão in the study area is in line with regional studies on woody plants in the Cerrado (Silva & Batalha, 2009a, 2009b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Phylogenetic structure of lichen metacommunities in Amazonian and Northeast Brazil

Nascimento

Maia

Cáceres

et al. 2021

Ecological Research

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Amazon, Atlantic forest, Brejos de Altitude, Caatinga, Carrasco, Cerradão and Restinga are major vegetation units in North and Northeast Brazil. Little is known about lichen metacommunity structure in these habitats. While species richness and composition generally depend on climatic factors, in azonal vegetation edaphic factors may have a filtering effect on tree bark structure and hence the composition of epiphytic lichen communities. We hypothesized that climatic stress and a tree bark filtering effect would result in reduced richness and phylogenetic clustering in Caatinga, Carrasco, Cerradão and Restinga, whereas high richness and phylogenetic overdispersion were predicted for Amazon and Atlantic Forest. To test this, we analyzed 2,090 lichenized species in the study area, with a supertree to assess phylogenetic metacommunity structure. Amazon and Atlantic forest exhibited high richness and phylogenetic diversity, with phylogenetic overdispersion only in the Amazon. The zonal Caatinga with drought stress and the extrazonal Brejos both exhibited phylogenetic clustering. Among the azonal, edaphic vegetation units, Cerradão exhibited phylogenetic overdispersion, whereas Restinga showed phylogenetic clustering. Nearest taxon phylogenetic distance indicated a close relationship between Amazon and Atlantic forest, Atlantic forest and Brejos and Atlantic forest and Caatinga. Carrasco was mostly closely related to Cerradão, and Restinga was distantly related to any other unit. These findings indicate more complex patterns in the phylogenetic structure of lichen metacommunities, partly reflecting those of plant metacommunities, as a result of concurrent macroecological evolutionary histories. Our data supported floristic evidence that Carrasco is part of the Cerrado complex and not related to Caatinga.

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“…The mechanism responsible for overdispersion remains uncertain. Density‐dependent forces, or ecological speciation are possibly responsible for overdispersion (Silva and Batalha 2009), whereas competition has rarely been demonstrated in herbivorous insects, whose communities are shaped far more through bottom‐up (plant quality) and top‐down processes (predation) (Denno and Kaplan 2006, Kalka et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic diversity of geometrid moths decreases with elevation in the tropical Andes

2013

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Species diversity of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) has previously been shown to be extremely and constantly high along a continuously forested elevational gradient in the Andes of southern Ecuador. We analysed samples taken from 32 sites between 1999 and 2011 in northern Podocarpus National Park and adjacent areas from 1020 to 2916 m a.s.l. We conjecture that high elevation habitats were historically mostly colonised by species from lower elevations, and that environmental filtering (e.g. through host plant specificity or temperature tolerance) constrained colonisation from lower elevations, which would yield a pattern of elevationally decreasing phylogenetic diversity. We analysed elevational phylogenetic patterns by means of: 1) the nearest‐taxon index (NTI), 2) DNA barcode‐based terminal branch lengths (TBLs) from maximum‐likelihood phylogeny, 3) the subfamily composition of the local assemblages, and 4), the rarefied number of morphologically defined genera per site. We counted a total of 1445 species. NTI values significantly increased with elevation, both in a conventional and a rarefaction approach. TBLs decreased significantly with elevation. Subfamily composition profoundly changed with elevation, particularly expressed as an increased proportion of the subfamily Larentiinae and decreased fractions of Sterrhinae and Geometrinae. The number of genera in equally rarefied species resamples significantly decreased with elevation. We conclude that environmental filtering indeed contributed to an altitudinal decrease in moth phylodiversity, but these constraints prevented only relatively few clades from colonising high elevation habitats.

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“…Quantifying changes in these traits is important to understand the patterns of species distribution and to predict vegetation responses to environmental changes (Silva and Batalha, 2009;Freitas et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional leaf traits of understory species: strategies to different disturbance severities

et al. 2015

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The specific leaf area (SLA) has been related to environmental disturbances, showing a positive correlation between the disturbances intensities and SLA in a plant community. These studies, however, assessed the responses of plant community as a whole, neglecting species attributes, such as the position in the vertical stratum of forests. Considering the importance of SLA to understand forest ecological processes, this study aimed to determine the influence of the disturbance regime on the SLA of understory species, considering that, unlike for communities as a whole, an increase in the disturbance intensity implies a decrease in SLA of understory species. This study was conducted in nine understories of seasonal forests in Brazil. The most abundant species were selected and their SLA were evaluated. The variability of SLA among populations in different forests was analyzed by Student's t-tests. The SLA of the understories (SLA U ) was also compared by an adaptation of the Community-weighted mean index. The comparison of species SLA showed significant differences among the populations of understories under different disturbance regime, showing a decrease in SLA with an increase in the disturbance intensity. Similar results were found for the SLA of understories communities (SLA U ), corroborating our hypothesis. The correlation between a reduction in species SLA and in SLA of understory with an increase in disturbance intensity, contradicted the trend observed in the literature for the community as a whole. This study highlights the importance of the evaluation of SLA in understories, as an indicator of the successional stage of communities.Keywords: community-weighted mean index, conservation, intraspecific variability, semideciduous seasonal forests, specific leaf area. Traços funcionais foliares de espécies de sub-bosque: estratégias às diferentes intensidades de perturbação ResumoA área foliar específica (SLA) tem sido relacionada a distúrbios ambientais, apresentando uma correlação positiva entre a intensidade de perturbação e a SLA da comunidade vegetal. Estes estudos, no entanto, avaliaram as respostas da comunidade vegetal como um todo, negligenciando os atributos por espécies, tais como a posição vertical no estrato florestal. Considerando a importância da SLA para entender os processos ecológicos das florestas, este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a influência do regime de perturbação na SLA de espécies de sub-bosque, cuja hipótese é que, ao contrário de comunidades como um todo, um aumento na intensidade de perturbação implica na diminuição da SLA de espécies de sub-bosque. Este estudo foi realizado em nove sub-bosque de florestas estacionais no Brasil. As espécies mais abundantes foram selecionados e suas SLA foram avaliadas. A variabilidade de SLA entre as populações em diferentes florestas foi analisada pelo teste t de Student. O SLA dos sub-bosque (SLAu) também foi comparado por uma adaptação do índice de média ponderada da comunidade. A comparação de SLA das espécies mostraram difere...

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“…Moreover, phylogenetic over‐dispersion seems to be a common characteristic in the cerrado, in spite of fire (Silva & Batalha 2009b). Hence, frequent fires did not prune entire specific clades; instead, fire evenly excluded species from all branches of the phylogenetic tree.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic structure of Brazilian savannas under different fire regimes

Leão

Batalha

2010

Journal of Vegetation Science

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Questions: Fire is a strong filter in fire-prone communities and is expected to assemble closely related species when functional traits are conserved in plant lineages. Do frequent fires assemble savannas with closely related species (phylogenetic clustering)? If so, what are the clades pruned by fire in the phylogenetic trees? Are species of semi-deciduous seasonal forests, where fires are not frequent, less related than expected by chance (phylogenetic overdispersion)? Are life forms conserved in the phylogeny of the species? Location: Central and SE Brazilian savannas (Emas National Park, 18118 0 S, 52154 0 W; Brası´lia, 15156 0 -15157 0 S, 47153 0 -47156 0 W and Corumbataı´-Itirapina, 22113 0 -22115 0 S, 47137 0 -47139 0 W); and close semi-deciduous seasonal forests (in Pireno´polis, 15145 0 S, 49104 0 W; Brası´lia, 15133 0 S, 47151 0 W; and Sa˜o Carlos, 21155 0 S, 47148 0 W).Methods: We recorded woody species in savannas under different fire regimes and in semi-deciduous seasonal forests. We obtained data from the literature and from field sampling. We compared mean phylogenetic distance of species of savanna and of nearby semi-deciduous seasonal forest sites. We obtained significance by randomizing the species among the tips of phylogenetic trees. We also assessed whether life forms were evolutionary conserved across phylogeny of the studied plants (phylogenetic signal) with tests based on the variance of phylogenetic independent contrasts. Results: Some sites of savanna under high fire frequency were characterized by phylogenetic overdispersion of woody species whereas, in contrast, some sites of semi-deciduous seasonal forest were characterized by phylogenetic clustering. We found phylogenetic signals in the traits across the phylogeny of the 801 species investigated. Conclusion:Fire may have different roles in assembling plant species in Brazilian savannas than in other fire-prone communities. We postulate that the absence of phylogenetic clustering in the cerrado is mainly due to the persistence of long-lived resprouting species from different plant lineages.

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“…O domínio Cerrado é o segundo maior em espécies da fauna e flora, apresentando uma ampla heterogeneidade entre as espécies vegetais, são conhecidas cerca de 12.000 espécies de plantas vasculares, onde 35% são encontradas habitando áreas de savanas (MARACAHIPES-SANTOS et al, 2017;DALMOLIN et al, 2015;AQUINO et al, 2014;SILVA;BATALHA, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Contribuição ao estudo morfológico foliar de Curatella americana L. (Lixeira)

Filho¹

2021

SciNat

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Curatella americana, conhecida popularmente por lixeira é uma das espécies lenhosas do domínio Cerrado. Objetivou-se avaliar a morfologia da venação foliar por diafanização nessa espécie. Folhas sadias foram coletadas em uma área de proteção permanente no município de Rio Verde, Goiás, Brasil. Foi utilizado o corante Azul de Toluidina no processo de diafanização para folhas de C. americana. Para visualização acurada de estruturas da face adaxial foliar, foi utilizado scanner, e para a abaxial, um microscópio óptico com câmera acoplada. As imagens obtidas foram avaliadas utilizando o software Image J. A análise morfológica revelou que as folhas apresentam nervuras até 4ª ordem, proeminentes na face abaxial, nervação craspedódroma, tricomas tectores estrelados, aréolas completas, vênulas apresentando duas bifurcações, alta densidade de estômatos, do tipo paracítico, células epidérmicas retangulares, nervura fimbrial na margem e F.E.V.S. com uma ramificação. O estudo apresentou importantes dados para a sistemática de C. americana, possibilitando maior conhecimento do padrão de venação foliar e da superfície epidérmica. Palavras-chave: Curatella. Diafanização. Dilleniaceae.

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Phylogenetic overdispersion of plant species in southern Brazilian savannas

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Phylogenetic structure of lichen metacommunities in Amazonian and Northeast Brazil

Phylogenetic diversity of geometrid moths decreases with elevation in the tropical Andes

Functional leaf traits of understory species: strategies to different disturbance severities

Phylogenetic structure of Brazilian savannas under different fire regimes

Contribuição ao estudo morfológico foliar de Curatella americana L. (Lixeira)

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