Phylogenetic beta diversity reveals historical effects in the assemblage of the tree floras of the Ryukyu Archipelago

Kubota, Yasuhiro; Hirao, Toshihide; Fujii, Shinjiro; Murakami, Masashi

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02491.x

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Our study adds to the growing body of literature exploring community assembly processes across the biodiverse Ryūkyū archipelago (e.g. Hirao et al, 2015;Kubota, Hirao, Fujii, & Murakami, 2011;Wepfer et al, 2016), and we demonstrate for the first time how extensions of island biogeography theory might apply to the Ryūkyū archipelago. Previous work in this system has suggested that both current and historic environmental factors should be considered simultaneously when assessing diversity of the Ryūkyūs (Nakamura, Suwa, Denda, & Yokota, 2009) and that climate and historic land connectivity drives ant community composition across the islands of East Asia (Wepfer et al, 2016).…”

Section: Context and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 64%

A test of trophic and functional island biogeography theory with the avifauna of a continental archipelago

Ross

Friedman

Janicki

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Ecology

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The classical MacArthur–Wilson theory of island biogeography (TIB) emphasizes the role of island area and isolation in determining island biotas, but is neutral with respect to species differences that could affect community assembly and persistence. Recent extensions of island biogeography theory address how functional differences among species may lead to non‐random community assembly processes and different diversity–area scaling patterns. First, the trophic TIB considers how diversity scaling varies across trophic position in a community, with species at higher trophic levels being most strongly influenced by island area. Second, further extensions have predicted how trait distributions, and hence functional diversity, should scale with area. Trait‐based theory predicts richness‐corrected functional diversity should be low on small islands but converge to null on larger islands. Conversely, competitive assembly predicts high diversity on small islands converging to null with increasing size. However, despite mounting interest in diversity–area relationships across different dimensions of diversity, these predictions derived from theory have not been extensively tested across taxa and island systems. Here, we develop and test predictions of the trophic TIB and extensions to functional traits, by examining the diversity–area relationship across multiple trophic ranks and dimensions of avian biodiversity in the Ryūkyū archipelago of Japan. We find evidence for a positive species– and phylogenetic diversity–area relationship, but functional diversity was not strongly affected by island area. Counter to the trophic TIB, we found no differences in the slopes of species–area relationships among trophic ranks, although slopes varied among trophic guilds at the same rank. We revealed differential assembly of trophic ranks, with evidence of trait‐based assembly of intermediate predators but otherwise neutral community assembly. Our results suggest that niche space differs among trophic guilds of birds, but that differences are mostly not predicted by current extensions of island biogeography theory. While predicted patterns do not fit the empirical data well in this case, the development of such theory provides a useful framework to analyse island patterns from new perspectives. The application of empirical datasets such as ours should help provide a basis for developing further iterations of island biogeography theory.

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Section: Context and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 64%

A test of trophic and functional island biogeography theory with the avifauna of a continental archipelago

Ross

Friedman

Janicki

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Ecology

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“…Continental island archipelagos are formed by the interplay of tectonic, geographical, and palaeoclimatic processes (Whittaker and Fernández-Palacios 2007). Their biotas have been repeatedly fragmented because sea level changes that produced discrete colonisation windows when land bridges formed (Kubota et al 2011); this allowed continental islands to function as evolutionary cradles for neo-endemics or refugia for relict taxa that escaped harsh continental climates during the Quaternary ice age (Tiffney 1985, Harrison et al 2001. Although oceanic islands have been regarded as natural laboratories of adaptive radiation through niche pre-emption by the lineages that first colonise the islands (Whittaker et al 2008, Weigelt andKreft 2013), continental islands are suitable for testing the roles of idiosyncratic historical processes, such as nonadaptive radiations associated with divergent selection or Islands and fragmented habitats serve as ideal systems for studying ecological and evolutionary processes; thus, biodiversity patterns relevant to geographical constraints have long been a central issue in ecology and conservation biology (Whittaker and Fernández-Palacios 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic properties of Tertiary relict flora in the east Asian continental islands: imprint of climatic niche conservatism and in situ diversification

et al. 2016

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Understanding biodiversity patterns on islands has long been a central aim in ecology and conservation biology. Island‐specific biogeographical processes play substantial roles in the formation of endemic biota. Here, we examined how climate niche conservatism and geohistorical factors are interactively associated with in situ diversification of Tertiary relict flora in the east Asian continental islands. We generated two novel datasets for species distribution and phylogeny that included all of the known vascular plant species in Japan (5575). Then we tested phylogenetic signal of climatic tolerance, in terms of absolute minimum temperature and water balance, and explored environmental predictors of phylogenetic structure (evolutionary derivedness and clustering) of species assemblages. Although phylogenetic signal of climatic tolerance was significant across the phylogeny of most species, the strength of climatic niche conservatism differed among ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperm trees, and angiosperm herbs. For angiosperm trees, cold temperatures acted as environmental filters that generated phylogenetic derivedness/clustering of species assemblages. For fern and angiosperm herb species, however, phylogenetic properties were not associated with climatic harshness. These contrasting patterns among groups reflected climate niche evolution in vascular plants with different growth forms and traits; for example, diversification of angiosperm trees (but not fern and herb) occurred in response to historical climatic cooling. More importantly, geographical constraints contributed to evolutionary radiation that resulted from isolation by distance from the continent or by elevation. Quaternary climate change was also associated with clade‐specific radiation in refugial habitats. The degree to which geographical, geological, and palaeoclimatic variables explain the phylogenetic structure underscores the importance of isolation‐ and habitat‐stability‐related geohistorical processes in driving in situ diversification despite climatic niche conservatism. We propose that the highly endemic flora of the east Asian islands resulted from the interplay of idiosyncratic regional factors, and ecological and evolutionary processes, such as climate niche assembly and adaptive/nonadaptive radiation.

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“…Phylogenetic (DNA-based) dissimilarity measures, such as UniFrac (Lozupone & Knight, 2005), may also be used as an alternative measurement of island dissimilarity. As environmental survival and dispersal ability are also phylogenetically determined (Pearman et al, 2008), phylogenetic dissimilarity may reveal the historical constraints of environmental differences across a system, if there is a strong ecological gradient (Kubota et al, 2011).…”

Section: Dissimilarity Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an application of this concept, phylogenetic dissimilarity (Sanmart ın et al, 2008) has been utilized to provide insight into the historical constraints of the distributions of species between islands in the Japanese Ryukyu Islands (Kubota et al, 2011). Identifying and quantifying the dispersal barriers (also referred to as "geohistorical" barriers; Kubota et al, 2011) and/or ecological constraints (i.e. "habitat filtering"; Cornwell et al, 2006), which have acted on plant dispersal and development, are important factors for understanding area plant assemblages (Thornton et al, 2002;Silvertown, 2004;Kadmon & Allouche, 2007;Kubota et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identifying and quantifying the dispersal barriers (also referred to as "geohistorical" barriers; Kubota et al, 2011) and/or ecological constraints (i.e. "habitat filtering"; Cornwell et al, 2006), which have acted on plant dispersal and development, are important factors for understanding area plant assemblages (Thornton et al, 2002;Silvertown, 2004;Kadmon & Allouche, 2007;Kubota et al, 2011). It has also been proposed that island biogeography is in many instances now heavily affected by the activities of human populations, as we now live in the "Anthropocene" epoch, where ecosystems are dominated by global human influence (Helmus et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogeographic and anthropogenic correlates of Aleutian Islands plant diversity: A machine‐learning approach

Garroutte

Huettmann

Webb

et al. 2018

J of Sytematics Evolution

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This is the first comprehensive analysis of vascular plant diversity patterns in the Aleutian Islands to identify and quantify the impact of Aleutian Island distance dispersal barriers, geographical, ecological and anthropogenic factors. Data from public Open Access databases, printed floristic accounts, and from collections made by the primary author were used to develop an Aleutian floristic database. The most common plant distribution pattern was “an eastern origin community”, though it compared similarly to the “Western” and “Widespread” distribution pattern. We established an ecological plant community composition class for each island, based on clustering species assemblage dissimilarity measurements (Jaccard Index), and a measurement of phylogenetic dissimilarity (UniFrac). We modelled these composition classes and species richness values in non‐parametric algorithmic models and concepts (data cloning using machine learning, stochastic boosting‐ TreeNet) based on classic and Aleutians‐specific island biogeography hypotheses. Plant species richness is strongly associated with the equilibrium model variables of area and island isolation, as well as distance to the Alaska Peninsula, and island total stream length. Species composition is strongly associated with the landmass groups during the last glacial maximum, maximum island elevation, island isolation and island area. Phylogenetic composition is associated with island area, distance from the islands to the Chukotka Peninsula, maximum island elevation, island geologic age, and island isolation. This study extends the equilibrium theory of island biogeography by including additional drivers of diversity during the Anthropocene, such as the landmass during the LGM, as well as factors that may be related to anthropogenic extinction rate.

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Phylogenetic beta diversity reveals historical effects in the assemblage of the tree floras of the Ryukyu Archipelago

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

A test of trophic and functional island biogeography theory with the avifauna of a continental archipelago

A test of trophic and functional island biogeography theory with the avifauna of a continental archipelago

Phylogenetic properties of Tertiary relict flora in the east Asian continental islands: imprint of climatic niche conservatism and in situ diversification

Biogeographic and anthropogenic correlates of Aleutian Islands plant diversity: A machine‐learning approach

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