“…In recent years, NDV has caused large-scale outbreaks in many countries, including China (Qin et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2010;Kang et al, 2016), Kazakhstan (Bogoyavlenskiy et al, 2009), Indonesia , and in North America (Kang et al, 2014). China is the world's largest waterfowl producing and consuming country, and accounts for than 70% and 90% of global duck and goose production, respectively; therefore, it is also known as "king of waterfowl world".…”