Phylogenetic analysis of the tropical wolf spider subfamily Cteninae (Arachnida, Araneae, Ctenidae)

Polotow, Daniele; Brescovit, Antônio D.

doi:10.1111/zoj.12101

Cited by 28 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The genus Ctenus, proposed by Walckenaer in 1805, contains more than 200 currently known species, corresponding to approximately 40% of the number of species in Ctenidae [1], and it is considered polyphyletic [3,4,5,6,7]. Polotow and Brescovit [7], in a study involving 32 species of Ctenus, showed that for genus to be considered monophyletic, 19 species should be transferred to other genera. Regarding these results, C. longipes was recently transferred to Guasuctenus Polotow and Brescovit [8], that presents today two Neotropical species [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on repetitive DNA behavior in two species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 and Guasuctenus Polotow and Brescovit, 2019 (Araneae, Ctenidae): Evolutionary profile of H3 histone, 18S rRNA genes and heterochromatin distribution

Rincão¹,

Brescovit²,

Dias³

2020

PLoS ONE

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Ctenidae represents one of the most representative spider families in the tropical forests of Brazil. Its largest genus, Ctenus, has approximately 220 species out of the more than 520 Ctenidae species described, and several authors consider it polyphyletic. Chromosomal data are only available for four species of Ctenus, representing a large gap in the cytogenetic knowledge about the group. This study provided cytogenetic data on two Ctenus species and one Guasuctenus (previously described as Ctenus). All showed 2n♂ = 28 (26 +X 1 X 2 0). Guasuctenus longipes presented two chromosome pairs containing 18S rDNA genes and C. medius, however C. ornatus showed only one chromosome pair with the 18S rDNA gene. Hybridization data using histone H3 probe indicated specific profiles: histone H3 genes were found in one chromosome pair in G. longipes, in three pairs in C. medius, and in four pairs in C. ornatus. Furthermore, supernumerary chromosomes were identified in C. ornatus presenting a meiotic behavior similar to that of sex chromosomes; and a trivalent was found in C. medius, formed by the association of one sex chromosome and an autosomal bivalent, indicating the importance of these events for the diversification of sex chromosomes in spiders. The C-banding pattern was similar between C. medius and C. ornatus with regard to the number and locations of heterochromatic bands, suggesting that heterochromatin amplification and dispersion, affect karyotypic evolution in the genus. Cytogenetic data showed similarity between C. medius and C. ornatus, and differentiation of G. longipes congruent with morphological data. Moreover, although more comparative analyses are needed to specify composition of the dispersed heterochromatin in Ctenus, the mapping of heterochromatic bands provided insights about the evolution of the karyotypes in this genus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on repetitive DNA behavior in two species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 and Guasuctenus Polotow and Brescovit, 2019 (Araneae, Ctenidae): Evolutionary profile of H3 histone, 18S rRNA genes and heterochromatin distribution

Rincão¹,

Brescovit²,

Dias³

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…This family includes wandering and nocturnal spiders, with some species of medical interest, such as those of the genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Ministério da Saúde 2017). Ctenidae is divided into five subfamilies, namely Acanthocteninae, Viridasiinae, Cteninae, Calocteninae, and Acantheinae (Silva-Dávila 2003; Polotow and Brescovit 2014). Although ctenids are of great ecological and medical importance, studies on their cytogenetics are scarce (Table 1) and cytogenetic data for the last two subfamilies are not available to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic analysis of five Ctenidae species (Araneae): detection of heterochromatin and 18S rDNA sites

Rincão¹,

Chavari²,

Brescovit³

et al. 2017

CCG

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The present study aimed to cytogenetically analyse five Ctenidae species Ctenus ornatus (Keyserling, 1877), Ctenus medius (Keyserling, 1891), Phoneutria nigriventer (Keyserling, 1891), Viracucha andicola (Simon, 1906), and Enoploctenus cyclothorax (Philip Bertkau, 1880), from Brazil. All species presented a 2n♂ = 28 except for V. andicola, which showed 2n♂ = 29. Analysis of segregation and behavior of sex chromosomes during male meiosis showed a sex chromosome system of the type X1X20 in species with 28 chromosomes and X1X2X30 in V. andicola. C banding stained with fluorochromes CMA3 and DAPI revealed two distributions patterns of GC-rich heterochromatin: (i) in terminal regions of most chromosomes, as presented in C. medius, P. nigriventer, E. cyclothorax and V. andicola and (ii) in interstitial regions of most chromosomes, in addition to terminal regions, as observed for C. ornatus. The population of Ubatuba (São Paulo State) of this same species displayed an additional accumulation of GC-rich heterochromatin in one bivalent. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that this bivalent corresponded to the NOR-bearing chromosome pair. All analyzed species have one bivalent with 18S rDNA site, except P. nigriventer, which has three bivalents with 18S rDNA site. Karyotypes of two species, C. medius and E. cyclothorax, are described for the first time. The latter species is the first karyotyped representative of the subfamily Acantheinae. Finally, 18S rDNA probe is used for the first time in Ctenidae at the present study.

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“…Some previous phylogenetic analyses based only on morphology cluster Viridasiinae and Cupiennius Simon, 1891 with the remaining Ctenidae Polotow and Brescovit 2014) by several convergent traits, especially in the eye position and genital characters, though in other analyses (Ramírez 2014) viridasiines arise separately from other Ctenidae. In our results, all the total-evidence and partitioned analyses cluster Viridasiinae with Dionycha (Figs 1-3).…”

Section: Ctenids (Tropical Wolf Spiders)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Total evidence analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of Lycosoidea spiders (Araneae, Entelegynae)

Polotow

Carmichael

Griswold

2015

Invert. Systematics

Self Cite

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Abstract. Phylogenetic relationships within the superfamily Lycosoidea are investigated through the coding and analysis of character data derived from morphology, behaviour and DNA sequences. In total, 61 terminal taxa were studied, representing most of the major groups of the RTA-clade (i.e. spiders that have a retrolateral tibial apophysis on the male palp). Parsimony and model-based approaches were used, and several support values, partitions and implied weighting schemes were explored to assess clade stability. The morphological-behavioural matrix comprised 96 characters, and four gene fragments were used: 28S (~737 base pairs), actin (~371 base pairs), COI (~630 base pairs) and H3 (~354 base pairs). Major conclusions of the phylogenetic analysis include: the concept of Lycosoidea is restricted to seven families: Lycosidae, Pisauridae, Ctenidae, Psechridae, Thomisidae, Oxyopidae (but Ctenidae and Pisauridae are not monophyletic) and also Trechaleidae (not included in the analysis); the monophyly of the 'Oval Calamistrum clade' (OC-clade) appears to be unequivocal, with high support, and encompassing the Lycosoidea plus the relimited Zoropsidae and the proposed new family Udubidae (fam. nov.); Zoropsidae is considered as senior synonym of Tengellidae and Zorocratidae (syn. nov.); Viridasiinae (rank nov.) is raised from subfamily to family rank, excluded from the Ctenidae and placed in Dionycha. Our quantitative phylogenetic analysis confirms the synonymy of Halidae with Pisauridae. The grate-shaped tapetum appears independently at least three times and has a complex evolutionary history, with several reversions.

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Phylogenetic analysis of the tropical wolf spider subfamily Cteninae (Arachnida, Araneae, Ctenidae)

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Insights on repetitive DNA behavior in two species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 and Guasuctenus Polotow and Brescovit, 2019 (Araneae, Ctenidae): Evolutionary profile of H3 histone, 18S rRNA genes and heterochromatin distribution

Insights on repetitive DNA behavior in two species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 and Guasuctenus Polotow and Brescovit, 2019 (Araneae, Ctenidae): Evolutionary profile of H3 histone, 18S rRNA genes and heterochromatin distribution

Cytogenetic analysis of five Ctenidae species (Araneae): detection of heterochromatin and 18S rDNA sites

Total evidence analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of Lycosoidea spiders (Araneae, Entelegynae)

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