Photovoltaic distributed generation – An international review on diffusion, support policies, and electricity sector regulatory adaptation

Silva, Patrícia Pereira da; Dantas, Guilherme; Pereira, Guillermo Ivan; Camara, Lorrane; Castro, Nivalde José de

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.028

Cited by 61 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…So, the main idea is to configure the system settings in a way its annual production does not exceed the annual consumption, minimizing the deviation between them and increasing SC. Examples of countries using net metering schemes are: the United States (with particular conditions depending on the state), Denmark, Greece, Australia, Brazil, Mexico, and Chile [34][35][36].…”

Section: Economic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why PV Modules Should Preferably No Longer Be Oriented to the South in the Near Future

2019

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PV modules tilted and oriented toward east and west directions gain gradually more importance as an alternative to the presently-preferred south (north in the Southern Hemisphere) orientation and it is shown to become economically superior even under the reimbursement of feed-in tariff (FIT). This is a consequence of the increasing spread between the decreasing costs of self-consumed solar power and the costs for power from the grid. One-minute values of irradiance were measured by silicon sensors at different orientations and tilt angles in Hannover (Germany) over three years. We show that south-oriented collectors give the highest electrical power during the day, whereas combinations of east and west orientations (E-W) result in the highest self-consumption rate (SC), and combinations of southeast and southwest (SE-SW) orientations result in the highest degree of autarky (AD), although they reduce the yearly PV Power by 5–6%. Moreover, the economic analysis of PV systems without FIT shows that the SE-SW and E-W combinations have the lowest electricity cost and they are more beneficial in terms of internal rate of return (IRR), compared to the S orientation at the same tilt. For PV systems with FIT, the S orientation presently provides the highest transfer of money from the supplier. However, as a consequence of the continuing decline of FIT, the economic advantage of S orientation is decreasing. E-W and SE-SW orientations are more beneficial for the owner as soon as FIT decreases to 7 Ct/kWh. East and west orientations of PV modules do not only have benefits for the individual owner but avoid high costs for storing energy—regardless who would own the storage facilities—and by avoiding high noon peaks of solar energy production during sunny periods, which would become an increasing problem for the grid if more solar power is installed. Furthermore, two types of commonly used PV software (PVSOL and PVsyst) were used to simulate the system performance. The comparison with measurements showed that both PV software underestimate SC and AD for all studied orientations, leading to the conclusion that improvements are necessary in modelling.

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Section: Economic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why PV Modules Should Preferably No Longer Be Oriented to the South in the Near Future

2019

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“…Solar energy is a promising Renewable Energy Resource (RER) and an economical alternative to fossil fuels that can play a critical role in achieving green policy objectives and resolving energy crisis issues [1]. Recently, solar Photovoltaic (PV) generation systems are getting more worldwide adoption due to wider availability of solar energy, improvement in panel efficiency, extended life time [2], declining costs, and supporting policies for energy exchange and net metering [3]. The importance of solar energy is marked by the fact that the current global installed capacity of solar PV generation is around 505 GW [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Generation Model of Solar Irradiance for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems Using Weibull Distribution

Afzaal¹,

Sajjad

Awan

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Around the world, countries are integrating photovoltaic generating systems to the grid to support climate change initiatives. However, solar power generation is highly uncertain due to variations in solar irradiance level during different hours of the day. Inaccurate modelling of this variability can lead to non-optimal dispatch of system resources. Therefore, accurate characterization of solar irradiance patterns is essential for effective management of renewable energy resources in an electrical power grid. In this paper, the Weibull distribution based probabilistic model is presented for characterization of solar irradiance patterns. Firstly, Weibull distribution is utilized to model inter-temporal variations associated with reference solar irradiance data through moving window averaging technique, and then the proposed model is used for irradiance pattern generation. To achieve continuity of discrete Weibull distribution parameters calculated at different steps of moving window, Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) is employed. Goodness of Fit (GOF) techniques are used to calculate the error between mean and standard deviation of generated and reference patterns. The comparison of GOF results with the literature shows that the proposed model has improved performance. The presented model can be used for power system planning studies where the uncertainty of different resources such as generation, load, network, etc., needs to be considered for their better management.

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“…The adoption factors can be observed in the academic literature, as in Ref. [45], who applied a new analytical approach to 13 international case studies, providing a systematization of policies and regulatory adjustments for diffusion. The authors of [46] assessed the factors influencing the spread of photovoltaic solar systems on the rooftops by 2050 in Switzerland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors for Measuring Photovoltaic Adoption from the Perspective of Operators

et al. 2020

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The diffusion of photovoltaic distributed generation is relevant for addressing the political, economic, and environmental issues in the electricity sector. However, the proliferation of distributed generation brings new administrative and operational challenges for the sustainability of electric power utilities. Electricity distributors operate in economies of scale, and the high photovoltaic penetration means that these companies have economic and financial impacts, in addition to influencing the migration of other consumers. Thus, this paper aims to systematically identify and evaluate critical factors and indicators that may influence electricity distributors in predicting their consumers' adoption of photovoltaic technology, which were subjected to the analysis of 20 industry experts. Results show that the cost of electricity, generation capacity, and cost of the photovoltaic systems are the most relevant indicators, and it is possible to measure a considerable part of them using the internal data of the electricity distributors. The study contributes to the understanding of the critical factors for the forecast of the adoption of consumers to distributed photovoltaic generation, to assist the distribution network operators in the decision making, and the distribution sustainability. Also, it establishes the theoretical, political, and practical implications for the Brazilian scenario and developing countries.

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Photovoltaic distributed generation – An international review on diffusion, support policies, and electricity sector regulatory adaptation

Cited by 61 publications

References 24 publications

Why PV Modules Should Preferably No Longer Be Oriented to the South in the Near Future

Why PV Modules Should Preferably No Longer Be Oriented to the South in the Near Future

Probabilistic Generation Model of Solar Irradiance for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems Using Weibull Distribution

Factors for Measuring Photovoltaic Adoption from the Perspective of Operators

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