Photosensitized inactivation of T7 phage as surrogate of non-enveloped DNA viruses: efficiency and mechanism of action

SDS-PAGE and IR spectroscopy to evaluate modifications in the viral protein profile induced by a cationic porphyrinic photosensitizer

“…Viral structures, such as the envelope or the capsid, can be targets of photodynamic inactivation leading to loss of infectivity (Müller-Breitkreutz et al, 1995) by inhibiting the adhesion of the virus to the host cell and its penetration (O'Brien et al, 1992; or impeding viral replication by inducing damages into viral nucleic acids (Specht, 1994). Due to the short half-life and high reactivity of ROS, especially of singlet oxygen, the main targets of photodynamic inactivation are the microbial external structures (Ben-Hur et al, 1992;Malik et al, 1993;Schneider et al, 1998;Smetana et al, 1998;Gábor et al, 2001;Egyeki et al, 2003;Floyd et al, 2004;Hotze et al, 2009). Enveloped viruses are significantly more sensitive to photosensitization than their non-enveloped counterparts, due to the decomposition of envelope lipids and proteins (Costa et al, 2013).…”

Porphyrin-based cationic amphiphilic photosensitisers as potential anticancer, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive agents

“…Taken together, these results indicate that free radicals have very little effect on virus inhibition and suggest the importance of singlet oxygen in virus inactivation by phthalocyanine derivatives. However, a lower and variable rate of the photoinactivation of non-enveloped T7 bacteriophages (convenient models to study important human pathogens like hepatitis A virus, HAV) and HSV-1 virus in the presence of ROS scavengers also have been observed (O'Brien et al 1992;Egyeki et al 2003).…”

Staphylococcal Bacteriophage Inactivation in the Presence of Synthetic Porphyrins

“…Âîíà ñïîñòåð³гàëàñÿ âжå ÷åðåç 20 õâèëèí ó ïðèñóòíîñò³ íå ò³ëüêè ìåòàëîêîìïëåêñ³â, àëå ³ â³ëüíî¿ îñíîâè. Ñë³ä â³äì³òèòè, ùî, íà â³äì³íó â³ä ³ñíóþ÷èõ â ë³òåðàòóð³ äàíèõ ïðî òåìíîâó åфåêòèâí³ñòü ëèøå àñèìåòðè÷íî çàì³ùåíèõ ïîðф³ðèí³â [6,7], ó íàø³é ðîáîò³ âèÿâëåíà âèñîêà àíòèфàгîâà àêòèâí³ñòü â³ñìóòîâèõ êîìïëåêñ³â ñèìåòðè÷íî çàì³ùåíèõ ñèíòåòè÷íèõ àíàëîг³â ³ ïðîòîïîðф³ðèíó IХ. цå ñâ³ä÷èòü ïðî äîö³ëüí³ñòü ïîäàëüøîгî âèâ÷åííÿ àíòèâ³ðóñíèõ âëàñòèâîñòåé ïîðф³ðèí³â, à òàêîж ìåõàí³çì³â ¿õ âçàºìî䳿 ç áàêòåð³îфàгàìè, ùî ìàþòü ð³çíó áóäîâó.…”

“…Нåçâàжàþ÷è íà óñï³øíå âèêîðèñòàííÿ ÔÄÒ ìåõàí³çìè â³ðóñíî¿ фîòî³íàêòèâàö³¿ òà âçàºìî䳿 â³ðóñ³â ç фîòîñåíñèá³ë³çàòîðàìè âñå ùå àêòèâíî âèâ÷àþòüñÿ [6,7,13]. Ââàжàþòü, ùî â³ðóñè, ÿê³ ìàþòü ñóïåðêàïñèä ìîжóòü áóòè ³íàêòèâîâàí³ âíàñë³äîê ïîøêîäжåíü, ñïðè÷èíåíèõ фîòîäèíàì³÷íèìè ðåàêö³ÿìè â ¿õ ïðîòå¿íîâèõ ìîëåêóëàõ [5].…”

“…Ââàжàþòü, ùî â³ðóñè, ÿê³ ìàþòü ñóïåðêàïñèä ìîжóòü áóòè ³íàêòèâîâàí³ âíàñë³äîê ïîøêîäжåíü, ñïðè÷èíåíèõ фîòîäèíàì³÷íèìè ðåàêö³ÿìè â ¿õ ïðîòå¿íîâèõ ìîëåêóëàõ [5]. Ùîäî â³ðóñ³â, ÿê³ íå ìàþòü ñóïåðêàïñèäó, º ïðèïóùåííÿ, ùî ¿õ ³íàêòèâàö³ÿ â ïðèñóòíîñò³ ïîðф³ðèí³â îáóìîâëåíà âçàºìî䳺þ îñòàíí³õ ç íóêëå¿íîâèìè êèñëîòàìè [6,8].  îñòàíí³é ÷àñ ïðè âèâ÷åíí³ àíòèâ³ðóñíèõ âëàñòèâîñòåé ³ ìåõàí³çì³â 䳿 íîâèõ ñïîëóê øèðîêî âèêîðèñòîâóþòü áàêòåð³îфàгè, ÿê³ ñëóгóþòü ìîäåëëþ ïàòîгåííèõ ÄНÊ â³ðóñ³â ëþäèíè [1,4].…”