Photoprotection

Jansen, Rebecca; Osterwalder, Uli; Wang, Steven Q.; Burnett, Mark E.; Lim, Henry W.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.08.022

Cited by 180 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…29 Among sunscreen users, nearly 40% were unsure if their sunscreen provided broad spectrum protection. When a sunscreen does not provide adequate protection, users may have a false sense of protection, possibly leading to more total sun exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults

Holman

Berkowitz

Guy

et al. 2015

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

108

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Background Sunscreen is a common form of sun protection, but little is known about patterns of use. Objective To assess patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults. Methods Using cross-sectional data from the 2013 Summer ConsumerStyles survey (N= 4,033), we calculated descriptive statistics and adjusted risk ratios to identify characteristics associated with regular sunscreen use (always/most of the time when outside on a warm sunny day for 1+ hour). Results Few adults regularly used sunscreen on the face (men: 18.1%, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 15.8–20.6; women: 42.6%, 95% CI 39.5–46.7), other exposed skin (men: 19.9%, 95% CI 17.5–22.6; women: 34.4%, 95% CI 31.5–37.5), or both the face and other exposed skin (men: 14.3%, 95% CI: 12.3–16.6; women: 29.9%, 95% CI: 27.2–32.8). Regular use was associated with sun-sensitive skin, a household income ≥$60,000, and meeting aerobic activity guidelines (Ps < 0.05). Nearly 40% of users were unsure if their sunscreen provided broad spectrum protection. Limitations Reliance on self-report and lack of information on sunscreen reapplication or other sun-safety practices. Conclusion Sunscreen use is low, especially among certain demographic groups. These findings can inform sun-safety interventions and the interpretation of surveillance data on sunscreen use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults

Holman

Berkowitz

Guy

et al. 2015

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

108

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“…13,48,49 Chemical filters (sometimes referred to as organic filters) are typically aromatic molecules with a high degree of charge conjugation. They display intense, broad absorptions across the UV-A and/or UV-B regions, typically associated with p* ' p electronic transitions.…”

Section: Artificial Photoprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In subsequent years many other potential compounds were investigated spectroscopically, leading to the widespread adoption of para-aminobenzoic acid 4,[6][7][8][9][10] and, later, benzophenones. 11 By now, many dozens of UV absorbing molecules find regular use in commercial products, [12][13][14] which fuel a global industry, and international regulations control both the identities and the concentrations of specific UV absorbing molecules approved for use in such products. These regulations have developed, in part, as a result of concerns that some of the sunscreen components might have an adverse effect on the human skin or physiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoprotection: extending lessons learned from studying natural sunscreens to the design of artificial sunscreen constituents

et al. 2017

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Evolution has ensured that plants and animals have developed effective protection mechanisms against the potentially harmful effects of incident ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Tanning is one such mechanism in humans, but tanning only occurs post-exposure to UVR. Hence, there is ever growing use of commercial sunscreens to pre-empt overexposure to UVR. Key requirements for any chemical filter molecule used in such a photoprotective capacity include a large absorption cross-section in the UV-A and UV-B spectral regions and the availability of one or more mechanisms whereby the absorbed photon energy can be dissipated without loss of the molecular integrity of the chemical filter. Here we summarise recent experimental (mostly ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy studies) and computational progress towards unravelling various excited state decay mechanisms that afford the necessary photostability in chemical filters found in nature and those used in commercial sunscreens. We also outline ways in which a better understanding of the photophysics and photochemistry of sunscreen molecules selected by nature could aid the design of new and improved commercial sunscreen formulations.

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“…Because of its photocatalytic properties, TiO 2 nanoparticles used in sunscreens are coated with aluminum oxide or silica to prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Jansen et al, 2013a). Commonly, ZnO in sunscreens are in the form of nanorods while TiO 2 are nanoparticles in the rutile structure (Lewicka et al, 2011).…”

Section: Main Components Of Sunscreensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are sunscreens a new environmental risk associated with coastal tourism?

Sánchez-Quiles

Tovar-Sánchez

2015

Environment International

191

131

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The world coastal-zone population and coastal tourism are expected to grow during this century. Associated with that, there will be an increase in the use of sunscreens and cosmetics with UV-filters in their formulation, which will make coastal regions worldwide susceptible to the impact of these cosmetics. Recent investigations indicate that organic and inorganic UV-filters, as well as many other components that are constituents of the sunscreens, reach the marine environment--directly as a consequence of water recreational activities and/or indirectly from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) effluents. Toxicity of organic and inorganic UV filters has been demonstrated in aquatic organism. UV-filters inhibit growth in marine phytoplankton and tend to bioaccumulate in the food webs. These findings together with coastal tourism data records highlight the potential risk that the increasing use of these cosmetics would have in coastal marine areas. Nevertheless, future investigations into distribution, residence time, aging, partitioning and speciation of their main components and by-products in the water column, persistence, accumulation and toxicity in the trophic chain, are needed to understand the magnitude and real impact of these emerging pollutants in the marine system.

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Photoprotection

Cited by 180 publications

References 77 publications

Patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults

Patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults

Photoprotection: extending lessons learned from studying natural sunscreens to the design of artificial sunscreen constituents

Are sunscreens a new environmental risk associated with coastal tourism?

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