“…As a consequence of their high tendency to form aggregates, a drop of fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields is observed [ 30 , 31 ]. There have been several structural variations introduced to overcome the solubility and aggregation issues of (na)phthalocyanines, including the insertion of bulky substituents in the peripheral positions of the macrocycles [ 25 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], the addition of axial ligands to the central atom [ 28 , 30 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], or the encapsulation of the dye in colloidal particles [ 40 , 41 ]. Furthermore, peripheral functional groups in Ncs macrocycles may be utilized to further tailor intra- and intermolecular interactions as well as optical, photochemical, and electrochemical properties; particularly, aromatic groups increase intermolecular π - π interactions [ 19 , 34 ].…”