Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers: Review and Introduction of Modulated-Photonic Crystals

Noda, Susumu; Kitamura, Kyoko; Okino, Takashi; Yasuda, Daiki; Tanaka, Yoshinori

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2017.2696883

Cited by 132 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, these mirrors, mechanical in nature, suffer from a limited scanning speed and low reliability. To overcome the limitations of mechanical systems, we have developed a new beam-steering technique using one-chip semiconductor lasers, where we assemble an array of PCSELs, each of which emits a laser beam in a unique direction and drive them electronically [10,15]. This fully electronic system is expected to enable fast (~GHz) and reliable scanning of laser beams.…”

Section: Beam Steering By Pcselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, as the resonant band edges are changed depending on the emission angle, lasing characteristics also change when changing emission angle. Considering these issues, we recently investigated another way to obtain oblique-angle emission, where we use 2D resonance at a non-radiative band edge and an additional diffraction into a targeted direction [15]. The non-radiative band edge we used is the M-point of a square lattice, shown in Figure 8a.…”

Section: Beam Steering By Pcselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As new semiconductor lasers that principally enable the realization of high brightness, photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs), which utilize the band-edge resonant effect and enable large-area coherent oscillation, have attracted considerable attention [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The usage of band-edge resonance was proposed almost simultaneously and separately by our and other groups in 1999 [1,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the first demonstration of large-area coherent oscillation in PCSELs [1,3], a variety of functionalities and concepts have been demonstrated, such as the control of beam shapes and the functions of beam steering [10,15], and the realization of both high-beam-quality and high-power operation [13]. Further, an approximately 10-W-class, high-beam-quality (M 2 ~ 2) laser was very recently realized [16], demonstrating a brightness of about 300 MW cm −2 sr −1 , which surpasses the limit of usual semiconductor lasers, by the development of a new type of photonic-crystal resonator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers

2019

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Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) have attracted considerable attention as a novel semiconductor laser that surpasses traditional semiconductor lasers. In this review article, we review the current progress of PCSELs, including the demonstration of large-area coherent oscillation, the control of beam patterns, the demonstration of beam steering, and the realization of watt-class and high-beam-quality operation. Furthermore, we show very recent progress in the exploration of high brightness of more than 300 MW cm−2 sr−1, obtained with a high output power of about 10 W while maintaining a high beam quality M2 ~ 2. The PCSELs with such high performances are expected to be applied to a variety of fields, such as laser-based material processing, optical sensing (light-detection and ranging (LiDAR)), and lighting, as they retain the benefits of compact and high-efficiency semiconductor lasers.

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Section: Beam Steering By Pcselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beam Steering By Pcselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers

2019

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“…Surface-emitting lasers are advantageous over edge-emitting waveguide lasers in several aspects including better beam shape and the ease for integration as a two-dimensional array, and thus are widely used in optical communications and interconnects [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . The recent successful experimental demonstration of photonic-crystal surface emitting lasers (PC-SELs) with high power, high beam quality, and beam-steering capability can further extend the usability of surface-emitting lasers in power-demanding applications such as free-space sensing [7][8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Motivated by the experiments, there have been significant efforts in developing efficient simulation tools for PCSEL [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

First-principles simulation of photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers using rigorous coupled wave analysis

Song

Kalapala

Zhou

et al. 2018

Applied Physics Letters

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We show that the threshold of a photonic crystal surface-emitting laser can be calculated from first-principles by the method of rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA), which has been widely used to simulate the response spectra of passive periodic structures. Here, the scattering matrix (S-matrix) of a surface-emitting laser structure with added gain is calculated on the complex frequency plane using RCWA, and the lasing threshold is determined by the value of gain for which the pole of the S-matrix reaches the real axis. This approach can be used for surface emitting laser structures in general, and is particularly useful for the surface emitting laser systems with complex in-plane structures.

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Photonics for Neuromorphic Computing: Fundamentals, Devices, and Opportunities

Li,

Gong,

Huang

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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In the dynamic landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI), two notable phenomena are becoming predominant: the exponential growth of large AI model sizes and the explosion of massive amount of data. Meanwhile, scientific research such as quantum computing and protein synthesis increasingly demand higher computing capacities. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the mechanism and functionality of human brains, uses physical artificial neurons to do computations and is drawing widespread attention. Conventional electronic computing has experienced certain difficulties, particularly concerning the latency, crosstalk, and energy consumption of digital processors. As the Moore's law approaches its terminus, there is a urgent need for alternative computing architectures that can satisfy this growing computing demand and break through the von Neumann model. Recently, the expansion of optoelectronic devices on photonic integration platforms has led to significant growth in photonic computing, where photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have enabled ultrafast artificial neural networks (ANN) with sub‐nanosecond latencies, low heat dissipation, and high parallelism. Such non‐von Neumann photonic computing systems hold the promise to cater to the escalating requirements of AI and scientific computing. In this review, we study recent advancements in integrated photonic neuromorphic systems, and from the perspective of materials and device engineering, we lay out the scientific and technological breakthroughs necessary to advance the state‐of‐the‐art. In particular, we examine various technologies and devices employed in neuromorphic photonic AI accelerators, spanning from traditional optics to PICs. We evaluate the performances of different designs by energy efficiency in operations per joule (OP/J) and compute density in operations per squared millimeter per second (OP/mm2/s). Putting special emphasis on photonic components such as VCSEL lasers, optical interconnects, and frequency microcombs, we highlight the most recent breakthroughs in photonic engineering and materials science used to create advanced neuromorphic computing chips. Lastly, we recognize that existing technologies encounter obstacles in achieving photonic AI accelerators with peta‐level computing speed and energy efficiency, and we also explore potential approaches in new devices, fabrication, materials, and integration to drive innovation. As the current challenges and barriers in cost, scalability, footprint, and computing capacity are resolved one‐by‐one, photonic neuromorphic systems are bound to co‐exist with, if not replace, conventional electronic computers and transform the landscape of AI and scientific computing in the foreseeable future.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers: Review and Introduction of Modulated-Photonic Crystals

Cited by 132 publications

References 16 publications

Progress in Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers

Progress in Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers

First-principles simulation of photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers using rigorous coupled wave analysis

Photonics for Neuromorphic Computing: Fundamentals, Devices, and Opportunities

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