Photon upconversion in Yb3+–Tb3+ and Yb3+–Eu3+ activated core/shell nanoparticles with dual-band excitation

Dong, Hao; Sun, Ling‐Dong; Wang, Yefu; Xiao, Jiawen; Tu, Datao; Chen, Xueyuan; Yan, Chun‐Hua

doi:10.1039/c6tc00413j

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…e,f) Double logarithmic dependence of the red UC fluorescence from Ho 3+ ‐doped GCs on the laser powers of the single‐wavelength excitation or two‐wavelength excitation with one laser power fixed. The number of photons required for the fluorescence yield can be obtained from the formula: I em ∝ P n , where I em is the emission intensity, P is the pump laser power, and n is the number of laser photons …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast–Slow Red Upconversion Fluorescence Modulation from Ho³⁺‐Doped Glass Ceramics upon Two‐Wavelength Excitation

Chen

Cui

Kang

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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indispensable, which is ubiquitous in photo nics and optoelectronics applications, such as optical interconnect, environmental monitoring, biosensing, medicine, secu rity, astronomical, and allfibertohome applications. [2,3] Unlike electrons, photons interact weakly with each other. [4] Therefore, an optical modulation requires the media tion of a physical system to produce effi cient photon-photon interactions. Dif ferent approaches to optical modulators have been proposed, often based on fast and highly nonlinear media that would enable alloptical switch devices, including 2D layered materials, [5] high nonlinear responses materials with wellengineered structures, [6] and optomechanical and phasechange metamaterials. [7] However, to our best knowledge, there is no any report about utilizing rare earth (RE) ions to realize fastslow optical modulation. [8,9] Theoretically, it is expected to develop a versatile physical strategy to realize fast slow optical modulation of upconversion (UC) fluorescence from RE ions, which can be tailored by simultaneous twowave length excitation. Among various RE ions, [10][11][12] owing to abun dant energy levels of Ho 3+ ions, it is convenient for us to realize fastslow optical modulation of red UC fluorescence from Ho 3+ ions by simultaneous twowavelength excitation at 1.0 and 2.0 µm lasers. What's more, tunable excitation and emission wavelengths are operating at nearinfrared (NIR) window or atThe control of one light field by another, ultimately at manipulating efficiently photon-photon interactions obsoleting traditional electronic interconnection approach, is an attractive area of research in the development of alloptical network information science. Herein, an exquisite physical strategy is introduced to realize fast-slow optical modulation of red upconversion (UC) fluorescence from Ho 3+ :LaF 3 nanocrystals embedded glass ceramics (GCs) tailoring by simultaneous two-wavelength excitation at 980 and 1870 nm laser. An optical modulation of more than 2500% of the red UC fluorescence intensity and a fast response with rise time of 230 µs and decay time of 66 µs as well as a slow response with rise time of 23 ms and decay time of 6.65 ms in the red UC fluorescence signal is shown. The dynamic evolution analysis and theoretical simulations suggest that this fast-slow optical modulation of red UC fluorescence is rooting from the presence of differentiation of the speed of electrons fully populated in the excited-state 5 I 7 regulated by various pumping tactics. The fast-slow optical modulation of red UC fluorescence from Ho 3+ -doped GCs, manipulating through two-wavelength excitation at 980 and 1870 nm laser, may find novel application in future all-optical fiber data processing in various optoelectronic fields.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast–Slow Red Upconversion Fluorescence Modulation from Ho³⁺‐Doped Glass Ceramics upon Two‐Wavelength Excitation

Chen

Cui

Kang

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…As upconversion luminescence is a multiphoton process, one of the long pursued goals in promoting UCNCs for crystal applications is to enhance upconversion efficiency and generate stronger upconversion brightness 20,21 . Thanks to decades of investigation in upconversion luminescence as well as the advancement of synthesis and instrumental characterisation at nanoscale, various enhancement strategies to amplify upconversion luminescence have been proved, including optimizing crystal hosts and dopant concentrations, coating inert/active shells around nanocrystals 12,[22][23][24][25][26] , tuning sizes of nanocrystals 5,27-29 , engineering sublattice arrangements 30 and coupling with plasmonic noble metal nanostructures 31,32 .…”

Section: Toc Graphicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Sensitizer Concentration in Single Upconversion Nanocrystals

et al. 2017

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Each single upconversion nanocrystal (UCNC) usually contains thousands of photon sensitizers and hundreds of photon activators to up-convert near-infrared photons into visible and ultraviolet emissions. Though in principle further increasing the sensitizers' concentration will enhance the absorption efficiency to produce brighter nanocrystals, typically 20% of Yb ions has been used to avoid the so-called "concentration quenching" effect. Here we report that the concentration quenching effect does not limit the sensitizer concentration and NaYbF is the most bright host matrix. Surface quenching and the large size of NaYbF nanocrystals are the only factors limiting this optimal concentration. Therefore, we further designed sandwich nanostructures of NaYbF between a small template core to allow an epitaxial growth of the size-tunable NaYbF shell enclosed by an inert shell to minimize surface quenching. As a result, the suspension containing 25.2 nm sandwich structure UCNCs is 1.85 times brighter than the homogeneously doped ones, and the brightness of each single 25.2 nm heterogeneous UCNC is enhanced by nearly 3 times compared to the NaYF: 20% Yb, 4% Tm UCNCs in similar sizes. Particularly, the blue emission intensities of the UCNCs with the sandwich structure in the size of 13.6 and 25.2 nm are 1.36 times and 3.78 times higher than that of the monolithic UCNCs in the similar sizes. Maximizing the sensitizer concentration will accelerate the development of brighter and smaller UCNCs as more efficient biomolecule probes or photon energy converters.

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“…An intense visible luminescence peak centered at 504 nm (Figure A) was observed except for the NIR luminescence (Figure B) ranging from 980 to 1150 nm, suggesting that the cooperative optical absorption exists in the Yb 3+ dimers. The number of photons for the visible or NIR luminescence is determined by the formula:

I_{normalem} \propto P^{n}

where I em is the emission intensity, P is the pump laser power, and n is the number of laser photons. As shown in the insets of Figure A‐B, about one photon is needed for the NIR luminescence at 1008 nm, but about two photons are required for the visible luminescence at 504 nm, which can reveal the participation of CUCL processes in the Yb 3+ ‐doped GCs upon excitation of a CW 980‐nm LDs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An intense visible luminescence peak centered at 504 nm ( Figure 6A) was observed except for the NIR luminescence ( Figure 6B) ranging from 980 to 1150 nm, suggesting that the cooperative optical absorption exists in the Yb 3+ dimers. The number of photons for the visible or NIR luminescence is determined by the formula 25 :…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear negative transmittance at a CW 980‐nm laser diodes pumping in Yb³⁺:CaF₂ nanocrystals‐embedded glass ceramics

Chen

Lai

Zhang³

et al. 2016

J Am Ceram Soc.

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Cooperative upconversion luminescence (CUCL) occurs in spectral regions in which single ions do not have energy levels. However, all results reported so far are concentrated on luminescence properties from Yb3+ ions‐doped various hosts. Here, we report the observation of nonlinear negative transmittance (NNT) at continuous‐wavelength (CW) 980‐nm laser diodes (LDs) pumping in silicate oxyfluoride glass ceramics (GCs)‐containing CaF2:Yb3+ nanocrystals. The unique optical nonlinearity is analyzed based on energy‐level transitions, dynamic evolution, rate equation, and power transmission equation, which can be explained as the cooperative optical absorption for the intense CUCL of Yb3+ ions. The NNT in the CaF2:Yb3+ nanocrystals‐embedded GCs can be tailored with the power of a CW 980‐nm LDs, which possesses potential for the development of future optical limiters and switches.

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Photon upconversion in Yb³⁺–Tb³⁺ and Yb³⁺–Eu³⁺ activated core/shell nanoparticles with dual-band excitation

Abstract: Photon upconversion emission in a series of Yb3+–Tb3+ and Yb3+–Eu3+ activated nanoparticles were investigated in this study.

Cited by 52 publications

References 56 publications

Fast–Slow Red Upconversion Fluorescence Modulation from Ho³⁺‐Doped Glass Ceramics upon Two‐Wavelength Excitation

Fast–Slow Red Upconversion Fluorescence Modulation from Ho³⁺‐Doped Glass Ceramics upon Two‐Wavelength Excitation

Optimal Sensitizer Concentration in Single Upconversion Nanocrystals

Nonlinear negative transmittance at a CW 980‐nm laser diodes pumping in Yb³⁺:CaF₂ nanocrystals‐embedded glass ceramics

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Photon upconversion in Yb3+–Tb3+ and Yb3+–Eu3+ activated core/shell nanoparticles with dual-band excitation

Abstract: Photon upconversion emission in a series of Yb3+–Tb3+ and Yb3+–Eu3+ activated nanoparticles were investigated in this study.

Cited by 52 publications

References 56 publications

Fast–Slow Red Upconversion Fluorescence Modulation from Ho3+‐Doped Glass Ceramics upon Two‐Wavelength Excitation

Fast–Slow Red Upconversion Fluorescence Modulation from Ho3+‐Doped Glass Ceramics upon Two‐Wavelength Excitation

Optimal Sensitizer Concentration in Single Upconversion Nanocrystals

Nonlinear negative transmittance at a CW 980‐nm laser diodes pumping in Yb3+:CaF2 nanocrystals‐embedded glass ceramics

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Photon upconversion in Yb³⁺–Tb³⁺ and Yb³⁺–Eu³⁺ activated core/shell nanoparticles with dual-band excitation

Fast–Slow Red Upconversion Fluorescence Modulation from Ho³⁺‐Doped Glass Ceramics upon Two‐Wavelength Excitation

Fast–Slow Red Upconversion Fluorescence Modulation from Ho³⁺‐Doped Glass Ceramics upon Two‐Wavelength Excitation

Nonlinear negative transmittance at a CW 980‐nm laser diodes pumping in Yb³⁺:CaF₂ nanocrystals‐embedded glass ceramics