Photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of fluoroquinolones in untreated river water under natural sunlight

Sturini, Michela; Speltini, Andrea; Maraschi, Federica; Profumo, Antonella; Pretali, Luca; Irastorza, Epelde Aitziber; Fasani, Elisa; Albini, Angelo

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.02.008

Cited by 210 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…N-methylallylamine and 2-(methylamino)ethanol could be ascribed to the cleavage of the C(13)-C(14) or C(16)-C(17) bonds, whereas propionamide and 3-butenamide could be attributed to the scission of the C(14)-N(15) or C(16)-N(15) bond in CIP. The results were in agreement with many earlier works (Dewitte et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2012;Paul et al, 2010;Sturini et al, 2012;Vasconcelos et al, 2009). On the other hand, the bond C(2)-C(3) was cleaved and then rearranged.…”

Section: Formation Of Intermediates and Reaction Pathwaysupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In addition, it could be seen that the C(8)-F bond remained intact, namely, defluorination did not occur in this scenario, because F − could not be detected throughout the CIP degradation reaction. This observation seemed to be different from CIP degradation in photolysis under UV light or natural sunlight irradiation (Paul et al, 2010;Sturini et al, 2012;Vasconcelos et al, 2009). The intermediates of CIP degradation in BioMnO x (0.4)-7 suspension were N-methylallylamine, propionamide, 2-(methylamino)ethanol, and 3-butenamide with amine groups and several small organic acids (e.g., formic, acetic, and oxalic acids).…”

Section: Formation Of Intermediates and Reaction Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and reactivity of biogenic manganese oxides for ciprofloxacin oxidation

Yang

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Section: Formation Of Intermediates and Reaction Pathwaysupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Formation Of Intermediates and Reaction Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and reactivity of biogenic manganese oxides for ciprofloxacin oxidation

Yang

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…Rapid photodegradation of DX by UV irradiation (340-400 nm) in the presence of TiO 2 as a photocatalyst has been reported, and the structures of various photoproducts were determined (Calza et al, 2001). It has also been reported that fluoroquinolones are photodegraded rapidly in sunlight in the presence or absence of photocatalysts, and the main photodegradation pathways are defluorination and amine side-chain oxidation (Sturini et al, 2012). Various photodegradation reactions may be induced by UV irradiation, including photo-adduct formation, photo-oxidation, photo-rearrangement, photo-cyclization, decarboxylation, and dehalogenation (Konstantinou et al, 2002;Petrovic and Barcelo, 2007;Miolo et al, 2011).…”

Section: Amiodarone (Am)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Photodegradation of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment by sunlight and UV-A, -B and -C irradiation

et al. 2013

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-In order to investigate the effect of sunlight on the persistence and ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals contaminating the aquatic environment, we exposed nine pharmaceuticals (acetaminophen (AA), amiodarone (AM), dapsone (DP), dexamethasone (DX), indomethacin (IM), naproxen (NP), phenytoin (PH), raloxifene (RL), and sulindac (SL)) in aqueous media to sunlight and to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at 254, 302 or 365 nm (UV-C, UV-B or UV-A, respectively). Degradation of the pharmaceuticals was monitored by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sunlight completely degraded AM, DP and DX within 6 hr, and partly degraded the other pharmaceuticals, except AA and PH, which were not degraded. Similar results were obtained with UV-B, while UV-A was less effective (both UV-A and -B are components of sunlight). All the pharmaceuticals were photodegraded by UV-C, which is used for sterilization in sewage treatment plants. Thus, the photodegradation rates of pharmaceuticals are dependent on both chemical structure and the wavelength of UV exposure. Toxicity assay using the luminescent bacteria test (ISO11348) indicated that UV irradiation reduced the toxicity of some pharmaceuticals to aquatic organisms by decreasing their amount (photodegradation) and increased the toxicity of others by generating toxic photoproduct(s). These results indicate the importance of investigating not only parent compounds, but also photoproducts in the risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments.

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“…66,68,73,85,93,[95][96][97]101,103,106,107,[128][129][130] As estruturas dos possíveis produtos formados são propostas baseando-se na composição elementar dos fármacos e mecanismos de reações orgânicas apresentados na literatura especializada. Salienta-se que a identificação dos produtos formados durante os processos de degradação é uma etapa bastante trabalhosa devido às baixas concentrações em que esses intermediários se encontram.…”

Section: Intermediários Formadosunclassified

Occurrence and Degradation of Quinolones by Advanced Oxidation Processes

Rodrigues-Silva¹,

Maniero²,

Peres³

et al. 2014

Química Nova

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OCCURRENCE AND DEGRADATION OF QUINOLONES BY ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES. In this review, the presence of quinolones in the environment, their risks and the available processes for water decontamination were addressed. Their occurrence in surface waters and also in soil raises concerns about the risk of the development of resistant bacteria and other potential chronic effects. AOPs (UV/H 2 O 2 , Fenton, photo-Fenton, and UV/TiO 2 ) and ozonation proved effective for degrading these emerging contaminants due to hydroxyl radical formation, surpassing the efficacy of conventional methods. In addition, the main degradation mechanisms of these drugs as well as data on residual biological activity were analyzed.Keywords: antimicrobials; degradation mechanisms; toxicity. INTRODUÇÃOAntimicrobianos são definidos como compostos naturais, sinté-ticos ou semi-sintéticos, cuja finalidade é prevenir ou tratar doenças infecciosas causadas por micro-organismos patogênicos, 1 tanto nos seres humanos como na medicina veterinária. Visto que não são totalmente metabolizados durante o uso terapêutico, os antimicrobianos estão presentes no esgoto doméstico principalmente como resultado da excreção humana. O uso de antimicrobianos na atividade pecuária contribui, também, para a sua introdução no meio ambiente, como resultado de processos de manufatura, disposição irregular ou excreção metabólica.2 Dessa forma, esses compostos são continuamente lançados no ambiente e, considerando sua característica recalcitrante de difícil remoção/degradação, são considerados pseudopersistentes.Existem aproximadamente onze diferentes classes de antimicrobianos, 3 que se diferenciam por sua estrutura química ou mecanismos de ação no tratamento específico de determinado patógeno. As quinolonas, antimicrobianos sintéticos, são eficientes no tratamento de infecções por bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas e são largamente empregadas tanto na medicina humana como veteriná-ria. Bactérias Gram-negativas são aquelas que possuem uma parede celular com poucas camadas de peptideoglicana e uma segunda membrana de lipopolissacarídeo. No processo de coloração, a lavagem com álcool rompe a camada externa de lipopolissacarídeo e o corante é removido por meio da camada de peptideoglicana. Consequentemente, as células Gram-negativas permanecem incolores até serem coradas com a safranina (segundo corante), adquirindo tonalidade rosa-avermelhada. Como exemplo, pode-se citar: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (causadora de infecções no aparelho pulmonar, urinário e respiratório), Escherichia coli (causadora de infecções urinárias) e Salmonella (causadora de intoxicações alimentares). As bactérias Gram-positivas, como por exemplo, a Streptococcus pneumoniae, possuem uma parede com mais camadas de peptideoglicana que as bactérias Gram-negativas. Empregando-se a coloração de Gram, apresentam-se com coloração púrpura quando fixadas com cristal violeta (primeiro corante), uma vez que essas bactérias retêm esse corante mesmo quando expostas ao álcool. 4,5 Dentre os principais riscos ...

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Photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of fluoroquinolones in untreated river water under natural sunlight

Cited by 210 publications

References 51 publications

Characterization and reactivity of biogenic manganese oxides for ciprofloxacin oxidation

Characterization and reactivity of biogenic manganese oxides for ciprofloxacin oxidation

Photodegradation of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment by sunlight and UV-A, -B and -C irradiation

Occurrence and Degradation of Quinolones by Advanced Oxidation Processes

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