Photoheterotrophy of bacterioplankton is ubiquitous in the surface oligotrophic ocean

Evans, Claire; Gómez-Pereira, Paola R.; Martin, Adrian P.; Scanlan, David J.; Zubkov, Mikhail V.

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2015.04.014

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The dominant genera, Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, are known to take up amino acids (Church et al, 2004;Zubkov et al, 2003Zubkov et al, , 2004Zubkov et al, , 2008Michelou et al, 2007;Mary et al, 2008;Gómez-Pereira et al, 2013;Evans et al, 2015), glucose (Gómez-Baena et al, 2008;Muñoz-Marín et al, 2013) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (Vila-Costa et al, 2006), and analysis of 12 genomes has shown that certain strains have genes for amino acid, sugar, oligopeptide and phosphonate uptake (Rocap et al, 2003;Martiny et al, 2006;Kettler et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global genetic capacity for mixotrophy in marine picocyanobacteria

et al. 2016

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The assimilation of organic nutrients by autotrophs, a form of mixotrophy, has been demonstrated in the globally abundant marine picocyanobacterial genera Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. However, the range of compounds used and the distribution of organic compound uptake genes within picocyanobacteria are unknown. Here we analyze genomic and metagenomic data from around the world to determine the extent and distribution of mixotrophy in these phototrophs. Analysis of 49 Prochlorococcus and 18 Synechococcus isolate genomes reveals that all have the transporters necessary to take up amino acids, peptides and sugars. However, the number and type of transporters and associated catabolic genes differ between different phylogenetic groups, with lowlight IV Prochlorococcus, and 5.1B, 5.2 and 5.3 Synechococcus strains having the largest number. Metagenomic data from 68 stations from the Tara Oceans expedition indicate that the genetic potential for mixotrophy in picocyanobacteria is globally distributed and differs between clades. Phylogenetic analyses indicate gradual organic nutrient transporter gene loss from the low-light IV to the high-light II Prochlorococcus. The phylogenetic differences in genetic capacity for mixotrophy, combined with the ubiquity of picocyanobacterial organic compound uptake genes suggests that mixotrophy has a more central role in picocyanobacterial ecology than was previously thought.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global genetic capacity for mixotrophy in marine picocyanobacteria

et al. 2016

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“…More specifically, Prochlorococcus genomes contain genes encoding the ability to utilize organic compounds including amino acids (Zubkov et al ; Rocap et al ; Church et al ; Michelou et al ; Mary et al ), as well as glucose transporters (Rocap et al ; Gómez‐Baena et al ; Muñoz‐Marín et al ). Recent studies have also shown that Prochlorococcus is able to take up glucose and amino acids in both light and dark conditions—in laboratory cultures and in the wild (Zubkov et al ; Church et al ; Michelou et al ; Gómez‐Baena et al ; Mary et al ; Gómez‐Pereira et al ; Muñoz‐Marín et al 2013; Evans et al )—as well as dimethylsulfoniopropionate (Vila‐Costa et al ). Amino acids could be used as either a carbon, energy, or nitrogen source, but glucose is likely only utilized for carbon and/or energy.…”

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Survival of Prochlorococcus in extended darkness

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Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Inorganic tripolyP was also bioavailable to coastal phytoplankton communities examined in one field study (Björkman and Karl ). PolyP from NTPs appear to be widely bioavailable and may be the most labile form of polyP (Moore et al ; Michelou et al ; Mazard et al ; Duhamel et al ; Evans et al ). Overall, previous studies suggest that organic and inorganic short‐chain polyP (tripolyP) are bioavailable to laboratory‐grown cyanobacteria and field populations of coastal phytoplankton.…”

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Polyphosphate dynamics at Station ALOHA, North Pacific subtropical gyre

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Polyphosphate (polyP) was examined within the upper water column ( 150 m) of Station ALOHA (228 45 0 N, 1588 00 0 W) during two cruises conducted in May-June 2013 and September 2013. Phosphorus molar ratios of particulate polyP to total particulate phosphorus (TPP) were relatively low, similar to previously reported values from the temperate western North Atlantic, and did not exhibit strong vertical gradients, reflecting a lack of polyP recycling relative to other forms of TPP with depth. Furthermore, relationships among polyP:TPP, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) were also consistent with previous observations from the Atlantic Ocean. To ascertain potential mechanisms of biological polyP production and utilization, surface seawater was incubated following nutrient additions. Results were consistent with polyP:TPP enrichment under opposite extremes of APA, suggesting diverse polyP accumulation/retention mechanisms. Addition of exogenous polyP (45 6 5 P atoms) to field incubations did not increase chlorophyll content relative to controls, suggesting that polyP was not bioavailable to phytoplankton at Station ALOHA. To clarify this result, phytoplankton cultures were screened for the ability to utilize exogenous polyP. PolyP bioavailability was variable among model diatoms of the genus Thalassiosira, yet chain length did not influence polyP bioavailability. Thus, microbial community composition may influence polyP dynamics in the ocean, and vice versa.Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient present in major biomolecules such as nucleic acids, phospholipids, and adenosine 5 0 -triphosphate (ATP). P is considered the ultimate limiting nutrient in the ocean over geologic timescales (hundreds to millions of years) because its abundance is regulated by relatively slow processes such as continental weathering and the burial of authigenic calcium phosphate minerals in marine sediments. However, revised estimates of marine P removal have decreased the residence time of P in the ocean (Ruttenberg 1993;Benitez-Nelson 2000;Ruttenberg 2014), and recent discoveries have revealed surprising aspects of microbial P metabolism (Yang and Metcalf 2004;Karl et al. 2008;Van Mooy et al. 2009; Martinez et al. 2012;Van Mooy et al. 2015), which highlights a need and growing interest to better understand the cycling of marine P on a wide range of timescales (Karl 2014).Polyphosphate (polyP) is a biopolymer consisting of at least three and up to thousands of phosphate molecules joined by phosphoanhydride (PAOAP) bonds. PolyP has historically been under-recognized in the study of ocean biogeochemistry (Bj€ orkman 2014). However, recent evidence suggests that polyP may play a key role in the marine P cycle over both modern and geologic timescales. For example, in sediments polyP may participate in long-term P sequestration by facilitating the formation of authigenic apatite phases (Schulz and Schulz 2005;Diaz et al. 2008). Over shorter timescales, polyP in surface waters may represent a source o...

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Photoheterotrophy of bacterioplankton is ubiquitous in the surface oligotrophic ocean

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Global genetic capacity for mixotrophy in marine picocyanobacteria

Global genetic capacity for mixotrophy in marine picocyanobacteria

Survival of Prochlorococcus in extended darkness

Polyphosphate dynamics at Station ALOHA, North Pacific subtropical gyre

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