Photochemical box modeling of long‐range transport from North America to Tenerife during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) 1993

Abstract

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NO<sub>2</sub> seasonal evolution in the north subtropical free troposphere

“…This is basically the same conceptual model that explains the origin or relatively high ozone values recorded at Izaña in summertime described by Cuevas et al (2013). The origin of the high summer NO 2 values at Izaña is related to the larger background NO 2 vmr found over North America in the mid-FT, confirming earlier findings from Schultz et al (1998).…”

A review of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites

“…Emissions transported from North America have been observed at IZO Schultz et al 1998), PMO (Honrath et al 2004), ARO (Huntrieser et al 2005), ZUG/ZSF (Huntrieser et al 2005), and JFJ (Guerova et al 2006;Huntrieser et al 2005;Pandey Deolal et al 2013). Most of the elevated CO events observed at PMO during the summers of 2001 to 2003 were attributed to the outflow of North American pollution and the long-range transport of biomass-burning emissions, whereas O 3 and CO concentrations were strongly correlated with the flow from the eastern USA when the biomass-burning effects were absent (Honrath et al 2004).…”

Systematic analysis of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> long-range transport events detected in GOME-2 satellite data

“…Once lifted, the ratio of NO / NO x will change leading to a reduction of NO 2 and a larger, unobserved reservoir of NO. Over the course of transport, NO 2 is partly converted into peroxyacyl nitrate (PAN) and other reservoir species, which may then release NO 2 upon descent, when concentrations of radical species, pressure and temperature increase (Singh and Hanst, 1981;Schultz et al, 1998;Walker et al, 2010). Both processes, direct long-range transport of NO x and transport of its reservoir species lead to an effective relocation of NO x emissions.…”