Photochemical aerosol formation from aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of NOx

Izumi, Katsuyuki; Fükuyama, Tsutomu

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(90)90052-o

Cited by 103 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The aerosol mass yields from the photo-oxidation of toluene reported in the literature vary widely. In general, earlier studies (Stern, 1988;Izumi and Fukuyama, 1990;Forstner, 1996;Kleindienst et al, 1999Kleindienst et al, , 2004Hurley et al, 2001) reported smaller yields than more recent studies (Takekawa et al, 2003;Ng et al, 2007), but a direct comparison is often difficult because studies were conducted under different conditions and with different aerosol mass loadings. Forstner (1996) measured a yield of 0.2% at 1 µg m −3 aerosol mass loading, Kleindienst et al (1999) 1.6% at 8 µg m −3 , Stern (1988) 2.5% at 30 µg m −3 and Hurley et al (2001) 2.5% at 50 µg m −3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

High formation of secondary organic aerosol from the photo-oxidation of toluene

2009

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Abstract. Toluene and other aromatics have long been viewed as the dominant anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors, but the SOA mass yields from toluene reported in previous studies vary widely. Experiments conducted in the Carnegie Mellon University environmental chamber to study SOA formation from the photooxidation of toluene show significantly larger SOA production than parameterizations employed in current air-quality models. Aerosol mass yields depend on experimental conditions: yields are higher under higher UV intensity, under low-NO x conditions and at lower temperatures. The extent of oxidation of the aerosol also varies with experimental conditions, consistent with ongoing, progressive photochemical aging of the toluene SOA. Measurements using a thermodenuder system suggest that the aerosol formed under high-and low-NO x conditions is semi-volatile. These results suggest that SOA formation from toluene depends strongly on ambient conditions. An approximate parameterization is proposed for use in air-quality models until a more thorough treatment accounting for the dynamic nature of this system becomes available.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

High formation of secondary organic aerosol from the photo-oxidation of toluene

2009

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“…There have been a number of studies on this topic, (e.g. Healy et al, 2009;Hurley et al, 2001;Izumi and Fukuyama, 1990;Ng et al, 2007;Sato et al, 2007;Song et al, 2007;Takekawa et al, 2003) as discussed in the recent study of Hildebrandt et al (2009). In their study, they reported new yields from experiments done at NO x mixing ratios < 5 ppb (toluene/NO x > 250 ppbC ppb −1 ) using artificial sunlight.…”

Section: E U Emanuelsson Et Al: Formation Of Anthropogenic Secondamentioning

confidence: 92%

Formation of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and its influence on biogenic SOA properties

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from mixed anthropogenic and biogenic precursors has been studied exposing reaction mixtures to natural sunlight in the SAPHIR chamber in Jülich, Germany. In this study aromatic compounds served as examples of anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) and a mixture of α-pinene and limonene as an example for biogenic VOC. Several experiments with exclusively aromatic precursors were performed to establish a relationship between yield and organic aerosol mass loading for the atmospheric relevant range of aerosol loads of 0.01 to 10 μg m−3. The yields (0.5 to 9%) were comparable to previous data and further used for the detailed evaluation of the mixed biogenic and anthropogenic experiments. For the mixed experiments a number of different oxidation schemes were addressed. The reactivity, the sequence of addition, and the amount of the precursors influenced the SOA properties. Monoterpene oxidation products, including carboxylic acids and dimer esters were identified in the aged aerosol at levels comparable to ambient air. OH radicals were measured by Laser Induced Fluorescence, which allowed for establishing relations of aerosol properties and composition to the experimental OH dose. Furthermore, the OH measurements in combination with the derived yields for aromatic SOA enabled application of a simplified model to calculate the chemical turnover of the aromatic precursor and corresponding anthropogenic contribution to the mixed aerosol. The estimated anthropogenic contributions were ranging from small (&approx;8%) up to significant fraction (>50%) providing a suitable range to study the effect of aerosol composition on the aerosol volatility (volume fraction remaining (VFR) at 343 K: 0.86–0.94). The aromatic aerosol had higher oxygen to carbon ratio O/C and was less volatile than the biogenic fraction. However, in order to produce significant amount of aromatic SOA the reaction mixtures needed a higher OH dose that also increased O/C and provided a less volatile aerosol. The SOA yields, O/C, and f44 (the mass fraction of CO2+ ions in the mass spectra which can be considered as a measure of carboxylic groups) in the mixed photo-chemical experiments could be described as linear combinations of the corresponding properties of the pure systems. For VFR there was in addition an enhancement effect, making the mixed aerosol significantly less volatile than what could be predicted from the pure systems. A strong positive correlation was found between changes in volatility and O/C with the exception during dark hours where the SOA volatility decreased while O/C did not change significantly. Thus, this change in volatility under dark conditions as well as the anthropogenic enhancement is due to chemical or morphological changes not affecting O/C.

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“…Smog chambers are extensively used to conduct aging experiments on anthropogenic aerosols and investigate their potential to form SOA (Izumi and Fukuyama, 1990;Atkinson et al, 1980;Sidhu et al, 2001). Recently, flow-through reactors are drawing a great deal of attention for their advantages over smog chambers.…”

Section: A M Pourkhesalian Et Al: Effect Of Atmospheric Aging On Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of atmospheric aging on volatility and reactive oxygen species of biodiesel exhaust nano-particles

et al. 2015

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Abstract. In the prospect of limited energy resources and climate change, effects of alternative biofuels on primary emissions are being extensively studied. Our two recent studies have shown that biodiesel fuel composition has a significant impact on primary particulate matter emissions. It was also shown that particulate matter caused by biodiesels was substantially different from the emissions due to petroleum diesel. Emissions appeared to have higher oxidative potential with the increase in oxygen content and decrease of carbon chain length and unsaturation levels of fuel molecules. Overall, both studies concluded that chemical composition of biodiesel is more important than its physical properties in controlling exhaust particle emissions. This suggests that the atmospheric aging processes, including secondary organic aerosol formation, of emissions from different fuels will be different as well. In this study, measurements were conducted on a modern common-rail diesel engine. To get more information on realistic properties of tested biodiesel particulate matter once they are released into the atmosphere, particulate matter was exposed to atmospheric oxidants, ozone and ultraviolet light; and the change in their properties was monitored for different biodiesel blends. Upon the exposure to oxidative agents, the chemical composition of the exhaust changes. It triggers the cascade of photochemical reactions resulting in the partitioning of semi-volatile compounds between the gas and particulate phase. In most of the cases, aging lead to the increase in volatility and oxidative potential, and the increment of change was mainly dependent on the chemical composition of fuels as the leading cause for the amount and the type of semi-volatile compounds present in the exhaust.

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Photochemical aerosol formation from aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of NOx

Cited by 103 publications

References 26 publications

High formation of secondary organic aerosol from the photo-oxidation of toluene

High formation of secondary organic aerosol from the photo-oxidation of toluene

Formation of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and its influence on biogenic SOA properties

Effect of atmospheric aging on volatility and reactive oxygen species of biodiesel exhaust nano-particles

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