Photoallergic Contact Dermatitis

Harber, Leonard C.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1966.01600270005001

Cited by 59 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For example, pre-irradiated TCSA will not induce the ear swelling response in the mouse photosensitivity test (Miyachi and Takigawa, 1982). Similar negative results have also been obtained with TBS (Harber et al, 1966) and hexachlorophene (Shaffer et al, 1970). This suggests that stable photodecomposition products may not be responsible, but that instead reactive, short-lived species produced by UV irradiation may be involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF CUTANEOUS PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS–XII. SPIN TRAPPING STUDY OF THE FREE RADICALS GENERATED DURING THE PHOTOLYSIS OF PHOTO ALLERGENS BITHIONOL and FENTICHLOR

Chignell

1987

Photochem & Photobiology

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Free radicals were trapped and observed by ESR when photoallergens bithionol and fentichlor were irradiated in the presence of spin traps N‐t‐butyl‐α‐phenylnitrone (PBN) and 5,5‐dimethyl‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO). In the absence of air, both PBN and DMPO trapped a carbon‐centered radical. The carbon‐centered radical, which was capable of abstracting a hydrogen atom from cysteine, glutathione, ethanol and formate, was identified as an aryl radical derived from the homolytic cleavage of the carbon‐chlorine bond. In the presence of air, both carbon‐centered radicals and hydroxyl radicals were trapped by DMPO. Under similar conditions, the yield of the hydroxyl radicals was greater from bithionol than from fentichlor. The presence of the hydroxyl radical was confirmed by kinetic experiments employing hydroxyl radical scavengers (ethanol, formate). Superoxide and H2O2 were not involved. Experiments with oxygen‐17O indicated that the hydroxyl radicals came exclusively from dissolved oxygen. The precursor of the hydroxyl radical is postulated to be a peroxy intermediate (ArOO*) derived from the reaction of an aryl radical (Ar*) with molecular oxygen. Both bithionol and fentichlor photoionized only when excited in the UVC (<270 nm) region. Free radicals have long been postulated in the photodechlorination of bithionol and fentichlor and the present study provides supporting evidence for such a mechanism. Aryl and hydroxyl radicals are reactive chemical species which may trigger a series of events that culminate in photoallergy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF CUTANEOUS PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS–XII. SPIN TRAPPING STUDY OF THE FREE RADICALS GENERATED DURING THE PHOTOLYSIS OF PHOTO ALLERGENS BITHIONOL and FENTICHLOR

Chignell

1987

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…Positive responses elicited by three of the fragrances could not be demonstrated at 50% concentration in the animal assay. Several publications have documented the photoallergic properties of tribromosalicylanilide and tetrachlorosalicylanilide (Maurer et al, 1980;Vinson et al, 1966;Harber et al, 1966). These materials demonstrated in vitro antimicrobial properties and were negative in the guinea pig phototoxic test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qauntitative in vitro assay for the evaluation of phototoxic potential of topically applied materials

et al. 1984

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A quantitative in vitro method for phototoxic evaluation of chemicals has been developed and validated. The assay uses Saccharomyces cerevisiae, seeded in an agar overlay on top of a plate count agar base. 8-Methoxy psoralen is used as a reference standard against which materials are measured. Activity is quantified by cytotoxicity measured as zones of inhibition. Several known phototoxins (heliotropine, lyral, phantolid, and bergamot oil) and photoallergens (6-methyl coumarin and musk ambrette) are used to validate the assay. An excellent correlation is observed between in vivo studies employing Hartley albino guinea pigs and the in vitro assay for several fragrance raw materials and other chemicals. The in vitro assay exhibits a greater sensitivity from 2-500 fold. For three fragrance oils, the in vitro assay detects low levels of photobiological activity while the in vivo assay is negative. Although the in vitro assay does not discriminate between phototoxins and photoallergens, it can be used for screening of raw materials so that reduction in animal usage can be achieved while maintaining the protection of the consumer.

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“…Our patient showed a positive reaction during intracutaneous tests to an irradiated mixture of SP and HSA and a negative one to a mixture of HSA and irradiated SP. These results suggested either that photoproducts between SP and HSA, which result in complete antigens, may be formed in the presence of UVA (12) or that HSA could helpSl' change into stable photoproducts only in the presence of UVA, where HSA itself is not modified but acts as a catalyst in the presence of UVA.…”

Section: Intracutaneous Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocontact Allergy Due to Suprofen

Kuno

Numata

1994

The Journal of Dermatology

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A 79-year-old Japanese woman developed edematous erythema on sun-exposed areas 3 months after applying Sulprotin ointment, which contains 1% suprofen (SP), a phenylacetic acid derivative. A patch test with Sulprotin ointment as it was negative, but a photopatch test with Sulprotein ointment as is was positive. A photopatch test with 10-3% SP was positive, as was that obtained with an SP analogue, 3% ketoprofen, but that with the ointment base of Sulprotin was negative. Photopatch tests with other SP analogues such as flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, and pranoprofen were negative. She developed abnormal erythema with monochromatic irradiation in the range from 320 to 380 nm on the uninvolved abdominal skin where 1% SP had been applied 24 hours (h) before irradiation. The action spectrum for this erythema agreed with the absorption spectrum of SP in the range of UVA. The MED after applying SP was below that after applying w. pet. in the range from 250 to 290 nm and from 300 to 320 nm. Positive intracutaneous test results were obtained with an irradiated mixture of human serum albumin (HSA) and SP at 48 and 72 h after injection and negative ones with a mixture of HSA and irradiated SP.

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Photoallergic Contact Dermatitis

Cited by 59 publications

References 16 publications

SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF CUTANEOUS PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS–XII. SPIN TRAPPING STUDY OF THE FREE RADICALS GENERATED DURING THE PHOTOLYSIS OF PHOTO ALLERGENS BITHIONOL and FENTICHLOR

SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF CUTANEOUS PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS–XII. SPIN TRAPPING STUDY OF THE FREE RADICALS GENERATED DURING THE PHOTOLYSIS OF PHOTO ALLERGENS BITHIONOL and FENTICHLOR

A qauntitative in vitro assay for the evaluation of phototoxic potential of topically applied materials

Photocontact Allergy Due to Suprofen

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