Photo and Plasma Activation of Dental Implant Titanium Surfaces. A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Pre-Clinical Studies

Abstract

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) and non-thermal plasma functionalization are surface treatment modalities that seem able to improve osseointegration. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effect of the two methods and possible differences. Materials and Methods: The systematic research of pre-clinical animal studies was conducted up to May 2020 in the databases PubMed/Medline, Scopus and the Cochrane Lybrary. A meta-analysis was performed by using the DerSimonian–Laird estimator in random-effects models. Results: Through the digital search, 518 articles were identified; after duplicate removal and screening process 10 papers were included. Four studies evaluating UV treatment in rabbits were included in the meta-analysis. The qualitative evaluation of the included studies showed that both UV photofunctionalization and non-thermal plasma argon functionalization of titanium implant surfaces might be effective in vivo to improve the osseointegration. The meta-analysis on four studies evaluating UV treatment in rabbits showed that bone to implant contact values (expressed as standardized mean differences and raw mean differences) were significantly increased in the bio-activated groups when follow-up times were relatively homogeneous, although a high heterogeneity (I2 > 75%) was found in all models. Conclusions: The present systematic review and meta-analysis on pre-clinical studies demonstrated that chair-side treatment of implants with UV or non-thermal plasma appear to be effective for improving osseointegration. This systematic review supports further clinical trials on this topic.

Soft tissue integration of different abutment surfaces: An experimental study with histological analysis

“…Focusing on the abutment surface, a “combed” surface (UTM) seems to improve the soft tissue healing pattern compared with MAC. Recently published systematic reviews (Canullo, Genova, et al., 2020; Canullo, Menini, et al., 2020; Pesce et al., 2020) confirmed that short‐term data (<6 months) suggested an enhanced connective fiber attachment next to titanium abutments with a modified surface as well as a similar inflammatory response relative to machine surface.…”

Influence of cold atmospheric plasma on dental implant materials — an in vitro analysis

“…Moreover, preclinical animal studies with a focus on argon plasma treatment revealed enhanced boneto-implant contact (BIC) after functionalization of implant surfaces [33]. A recent meta-analysis came to conclusion that plasma treatment using argon may present an effective method for improving osseointegration [34]. Other investigations have also demonstrated enhanced osseointegration through ambient air-generated CAP for titanium surfaces and calcium-phosphate-coated implants [35].…”

Argon Bioactivation of Implants Installed Simultaneously to Maxillary Sinus Lifting without Graft. An Experimental Study in Rabbits

“…Other animal experiments studied the osteoconductivity of different surfaces at marginal defects [ 39 , 40 , 41 ] showing that the surface modification affects osteoconductivity. It was also shown that a UV treatment of the implant surface improved osseointegration of implants [ 42 ]. Additionally, a treatment of titanium implants with argon plasma induces surface modifications, resulting in increased wettability, protein absorption, and cell adhesion [ 43 ], as shown by a higher number of adhered cells [ 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”