Phosphorus fertilization, soil stratification, and potential water quality impacts

Smith, Douglas R.; Huang, Chi‐hua; Haney, Richard L.

doi:10.2489/jswc.72.5.417

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…An isotherm relating between sediment Olsen Pi (Pbc) and runoff solution Pi concentration (C Pi, assumed to be equal to DRP), derived from the soil's Langmuir Pi adsorption isotherm, can be used to estimate runoff ROAPiloss from measured DRP, runoff volume, and runoff sediment concentration. The findings of the current study clearly demonstrate that a holistic mechanistic approach, involving both chemical and physical processes (e.g., soil, fertilizer and amendments resources), should be adopted for evaluating the impact of soil management practices on soil degradation and water quality (e.g., Smith, Huang, & Haney, 2017). Advanced investigations of agricultural fields will be necessary to evaluate modification of soil physical and chemical properties and runoff water quality imposed by annual applications of amendments, for implementing better soil conservation and management practices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Physicochemical mechanisms underlying soil and organic amendment effects on runoff P losses

et al. 2020

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Phosphorus depletion from cultivated lands by runoff is a significant contributor to soil chemical degradation. Our objective was to elucidate the mechanisms through which soil and organic matter amendments affect rain-induced runoff P losses in Mediterranean soils. Clay, loam, and loamy sand mixed with noncomposted activated sludge (AS), manure compost (MC), industrial humic acid (HA), orthophosphate (Pi), or inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) were subjected to six consecutive artificial rainstorms. Adding amendments significantly increased runoff available Pi loss (the sum of solution and sediments bicarbonate extractable Pi) for all soils. The order of loss (Pi, mg m −2) was soil dependent; greatest and lowest in the loam and loamy sand, respectively (loam: Pi[270] > IHP[128] > AS[108] > MC[97] > HA[49] > Control[33], and loamy sand: AS[42] > HA[23] > Pi[22] > IHP[18] > MC[13] > Control[4]), although order of runoff and soil loss were clay > loam > loamy sand. Treating with IHP and Pi at a similar total P level led to comparable cumulative total-P runoff losses, but runoff available Pi loss was much greater in the Pi treatment of soils with higher clay content (clay > loam > loamy sand). A derived isotherm relating sediment Olsen Pi to dissolved reactive Pi (DRP) concentration in runoff was found useful for estimating runoff Pi losses from measured DRP, runoff volume, and sediment concentration. The results could be explained by the impact of the amendments on soil structure stability, sealing, runoff, and erosion levels associated with soil physical and chemical degradation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Physicochemical mechanisms underlying soil and organic amendment effects on runoff P losses

et al. 2020

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“…From the standpoint of crop production, continued application of P to the soil surface without subsequent incorporation into the soil is an extremely inefficient means of fertilizing crops, as it places P above the root zone and the majority of P is retained in the vicinity of application (Smith et al, 2017). Improvements in P use efficiency are frequently used to promote the adoption of P mitigation practices, especially in plant nutrition.…”

Section: Southeastern Pennsylvaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus and the Chesapeake Bay: Lingering Issues and Emerging Concerns for Agriculture

Kleinman

Fanelli

Hirsch³

et al. 2019

J of Env Quality

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Hennig Brandt's discovery of phosphorus (P) occurred during the early European colonization of the Chesapeake Bay region. Today, P, an essential nutrient on land and water alike, is one of the principal threats to the health of the bay. Despite widespread implementation of best management practices across the Chesapeake Bay watershed following the implementation in 2010 of a total maximum daily load (TMDL) to improve the health of the bay, P load reductions across the bay's 166,000‐km2 watershed have been uneven, and dissolved P loads have increased in a number of the bay's tributaries. As the midpoint of the 15‐yr TMDL process has now passed, some of the more stubborn sources of P must now be tackled. For nonpoint agricultural sources, strategies that not only address particulate P but also mitigate dissolved P losses are essential. Lingering concerns include legacy P stored in soils and reservoir sediments, mitigation of P in artificial drainage and stormwater from hotspots and converted farmland, manure management and animal heavy use areas, and critical source areas of P in agricultural landscapes. While opportunities exist to curtail transport of all forms of P, greater attention is required toward adapting P management to new hydrologic regimes and transport pathways imposed by climate change. Core Ideas At the midpoint of the Chesapeake TMDL, dissolved P is increasing in some tributaries. Lingering concerns include legacy P, artificial drainage, animal heavy use areas. Extreme events represent an acute risk to water quality.

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“…Tillage also enables placement of P in the root zone. These advantages are lost in pure no‐till systems, which often results in P stratification with P concentrated at the soil surface (Smith et al, 2017). Using sophisticated application equipment that minimally disturbs crop residues and soils with P injection into the root zone using GPS guidance at the correct distance and direction of the seed is an essential practice for high‐yield systems where P is deficient (Preston et al, 2019).…”

Section: High‐yield Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Management in High‐Yield Systems

Hopkins

Hansen

2019

J of Env Quality

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The discovery and development of phosphorus (P) and P fertilizers provide context for current management conventions. Average crop yields were stagnant before the Green Revolution but have steadily increased since. This, along with conventional P management, has resulted in widely depleting soil P levels. Improved technology and management are needed to meet the increasing P demand. Modern hybrids and cultivars have different P demand and uptake patterns that require changes in conventional P fertilizer placement and timing. Phosphorus fertilizer recommendations based on soil analysis remains valid, but evidence suggests a need for recalibrating soil test P (STP) critical levels (the STP concentration at which a response to P fertilizer would not be expected) and P fertilizer rates to accommodate high‐yield scenarios. Considering higher P fertilizer rates as a single solution poses environmental challenges, highlighting the need for improved P use efficiency (PUE). Phosphorus fertilization approaches that have the potential to improve PUE and enable high yields include crop‐specific precision placement of P, informed timing of P fertilizers, and new enhanced efficiency sources of P fertilizer. This paper examines these management approaches from historical, production, and environmental perspectives in modern cropping systems. Core Ideas History of P fertilization illuminates traditional soil P management and needed changes. Recalibration of STP and P fertilizer recommendations are needed to match increasing yield and rates of P uptake. Environmental concerns and diminishing P supply necessitate improvement in P use efficiency. Placement and timing are improved through understanding of variable rooting patterns. Enhanced efficiency P fertilizers can be effective if applied correctly.

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Phosphorus fertilization, soil stratification, and potential water quality impacts

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

Physicochemical mechanisms underlying soil and organic amendment effects on runoff P losses

Physicochemical mechanisms underlying soil and organic amendment effects on runoff P losses

Phosphorus and the Chesapeake Bay: Lingering Issues and Emerging Concerns for Agriculture

Phosphorus Management in High‐Yield Systems

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