Phosphorus Enhanced Intermolecular Interactions of SnO₂ and Graphene as an Ultrastable Lithium Battery Anode

Abstract

SnO suffers from fast capacity fading in lithium-ion batteries due to large volume expansion as well as unstable solid electrolyte interphase. Herein, the design and synthesis of phosphorus bridging SnO and graphene through covalent bonding are demonstrated to achieve a robust structure. In this unique structure, the phosphorus is able to covalently "bridge" graphene and tin oxide nanocrystal through PC and SnOP bonding, respectively, and act as a buffer layer to keep the structure stable during charging-discharging. As a result, when applied as a lithium battery anode, SnO @P@GO shows very stable performance and retains 95% of 2nd capacity onward after 700 cycles. Such unique structural design opens up new avenues for the rational design of other high-capacity materials for lithium battery, and as a proof-of-concept, creates new opportunities in the synthesis of advanced functional materials for high-performance energy storage devices.

Ultrafine Sn Nanoparticles Anchored on Nitrogen‐ and Phosphorus‐Doped Hollow Carbon Frameworks for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…The O1s peaks at 533.6 eV and 532.5 eV were associated with graphene functional groups. The peak at 531.5 eV was attributed to the P−O‐Sn bond . There was no P−O‐Sn bond in the G‐HCF sample (Figure S8b), indicating that Sn formed the P−O−Sn bond during the melt diffusion process and was attached to the carbon surface by the phosphorus functional group.…”

C/Sn/RGO Nanocomposites as Higher Initial Coulombic Efficiency Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…Tin (Sn) is touted as a high capacity anode for SIBs with a high theoretical capacity of 847 mAh/g, but the large volume expansion (520%) occurs during the conversion from Sn to Na 15 Sn 4 , leading to particle pulverization/exfoliation and rapid capacity fading . Currently, two methods were used to solve this problem: carbon buffer medium and metal Sn particles refinement, since both ultrasmall tin is readily accessible to the electrolyte and conductive carbon buffer medium is identified to facilitate the Na + ions diffusion. Almost all high performance electrodes are nano rather than micro in their phase distribution, particle dimensions, and so forth.…”

A Dual Carbon‐Based Potassium Dual Ion Battery with Robust Comprehensive Performance

“…Nowadays, the demand for smart energy storage devices is on a rapid rise as portable electronic devices and electric vehicles become more and more popular . Among the related devices, lithium (Li) ion batteries (LIBs) dominate the market, owing to their high energy density and matured manufacturing technology . However, the relatively limited reserve and uneven geographical distribution of the lithium resources give a tremendous challenge to LIBs for meeting the continuously increasing requirement on the high performance‐to‐cost ratios.…”