Phospholipid vesicle–bound lysozyme to enhance permeability in human intestinal cells

Abstract

The permeation across Caco-2 cell monolayers of phospholipid vesicle-bound lysozyme was demonstrated to be significantly enhanced with a size-dependent manner.

The Effect of Particle Size on the Absorption of Cyclosporin A Nanosuspension Through the Gastrointestinal Barrier

“…The increase of dissolution rate and saturation solubility caused by the decrease of particle size are responsible for improving transport of CsA through caco-2 cell monolayer. Meanwhile, nano-particles with smaller size also appeared to across from apical to basolateral monolayer more than the larger ones 35 . Though p-glycoprotein presenting in Caco-2 cell inhibits the overall permeation of CsA, the transport system back into the apical lumen becomes saturated and the diffusion rate through the cells monolayer is the overall limiting factor at higher concentrations 32 .…”

“…Secondly, the smaller size microparticles < 200 nm were mostly localized in the lysosomals 14,33 , where CsA can be metabolized partly. Thirdly, smaller nanoparticles can penetrate cell easier by transcellular transportation including the endocytosis and exocytosis of nanoparticles [34][35][36][37] . Although the internalization of 2967 nm CsA-NS might be less, as compared with 280 nm and 522 nm, actual CsA in whole cell might well be higher due to lower e uent, degradation and exocytosis.…”

“…Due to the special physiological characteristics of the duodenum leading to high metabolism, low effusion, high solubility, and e cient particle endocytosis, the disappearance of CsA in the CsA-NSs perfusion uids with different particle sizes was the largest in the duodenum. It's reported that ileum carries more Peyer's patches and M cells than jejunum, in which particles above 1 µm can be trapped in Peyer's patches 35,44 . This may be the reason why more CsA-NSs is absorbed in ileum than jejunum.…”

Enhanced permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers by specific mannosylating ligand of buserelin acetate proliposomes

“…The contents of BA entrapped in liposomes and permeated across Caco-2 cell monolayers were determined by HPLC method (Usami et al, 2007;Witoonsaridsilp et al, 2012Witoonsaridsilp et al, , 2013. The system comprised a high precision pump (LC-20AD, Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan), a UV detector at 216 nm (SD20A, Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) and a C 18 reverse-phase column (BDS HYPERSIL Õ -C18, 5 mm, 150 mm  4.6 mm, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA).…”

“…The inserts were fed with complete media every other day and could experimentally be used within 18-28 days after seeding (Witoonsaridsilp et al, 2012(Witoonsaridsilp et al, , 2013. However, the inserts should also be checked for the TEER values to confirm their cell integrity.…”