Phosphatidyl‐inositide signalling proteins in a novel class of sensory cells in the mammalian olfactory epithelium

Elsaesser, Rebecca; Montani, Giorgia; Tirindelli, Roberto; Paysan, Jacques

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04108.x

Cited by 97 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…A TRP-like channel has been identified in physiological experiments in lobster OSNs (37), TRPC2 has been postulated to mediate chemical detection in the vomeronasal organ (12,14), and TRPC6 is found in a subset of odor-responsive cells in the olfactory epithelium (38). The TRPC6-expressing cells do not express OMP and are morphologically distinct from the OMP-expressing TRPM5 OSNs described here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory neurons expressing transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5) are involved in sensing semiochemicals

Lin

Margolskee

Donnert

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

151

157

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Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the main olfactory epithelium respond to environmental odorants. Recent studies reveal that these OSNs also respond to semiochemicals such as pheromones and that main olfactory input modulates animal reproduction, but the transduction mechanism for these chemosignals is not fully understood. Previously, we determined that responses to putative pheromones in the main olfactory system were reduced but not eliminated in mice defective for the canonical cAMP transduction pathway, and we suggested, on the basis of pharmacology, an involvement of phospholipase C. In the present study, we find that a downstream signaling component of the phospholipase C pathway, the transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5), is coexpressed with the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit A2 in a subset of mature OSNs. These neurons project axons primarily to the ventral olfactory bulb, where information from urine and other socially relevant signals is processed. We find that these chemosignals activate a subset of glomeruli targeted by TRPM5-expressing OSNs. Our data indicate that TRPM5-expressing OSNs that project axons to glomeruli in the ventral area of the main olfactory bulb are involved in processing of information from semiochemicals.signal transduction ͉ pheromone ͉ stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy T he olfactory system perceives not only odorants that convey information on the environment but also semiochemicals (chemicals involved in animal communication, from the Greek semeion for ''sign''), including pheromones (1-4). A key step in transmission of information is activation of the canonical cAMP signaling pathway by binding of odorants to olfactory receptors, resulting in influx of Ca 2ϩ through a cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel and subsequent depolarization (5, 6). Targeted disruption of elements of the cAMP pathway, including the CNG channel subunit A2 (CNGA2) (7), the G protein G olf (8), or adenylyl cyclase (AC) III (9), result in severe deficit of odorantevoked responses to many odorants, demonstrating the dominant role of the cAMP pathway.Semiochemicals, such as pheromones, social attractants, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-related odorants, signal social and sexual status, genetic makeup, and species identity important for the survival of the individual and the species (1, 10-13). Recent studies indicate that both the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and olfactory bulbs respond to these chemosignals (14, 15). Consistent with these findings, sensory information from the main olfactory bulb projects to areas in the hypothalamus housing neurons that produce gonadotropinreleasing hormone and plays an important role in reproduction (16,17). Further, a class of chemosensory receptors that recognize social amines found in urine have been identified recently in the MOE (18). Thus, it now is clear that the main olfactory system is involved in detection of semiochemicals and that the cAMP signaling pathway plays an important role in signal transduction f...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory neurons expressing transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5) are involved in sensing semiochemicals

Lin

Margolskee

Donnert

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

151

157

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“…Calcium influx through the CNG channel then results in the opening of calcium-gated chloride channels [70,117] Noncanonical pathway for olfactory signaling Although investigation of odorant response in Gaolf, ACIII, and CNGA2 knockout mice strongly suggested that cAMP played a crucial role in olfactory signal transduction [68,73,74], CNGA2-deficient mice retained a limited electro-olfactogram (EOG) response to some odorants [34]. Such residual responses were thought to be contributed by the atypical OSNs that express TRPM5 [75] or GC-D [76], or from the microvillar cells called Jourdan cells [77]. TRPM5 is a calcium channel located in cells expressing taste receptors, and is also expressed in a subset of OSNs that express CNGA2 [75].…”

Section: Olfactory Signal Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian olfactory receptors: pharmacology, G protein coupling and desensitization

Kato

Touhara

2009

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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The vertebrate olfactory system recognizes and discriminates between thousands of structurally diverse odorants. Detection of odorants in mammals is mediated by olfactory receptors (ORs), which comprise the largest superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Upon odorant binding, ORs couple to G proteins, resulting in an increase in intracellular cAMP levels and subsequent receptor signaling. In this review, we will discuss recently published studies outlining the molecular basis of odor discrimination, focusing on pharmacology, G protein activation, and desensitization of ORs. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying OR activity may help in the discovery of agonists and antagonists of ORs, and of GPCRs with potential therapeutic applications.

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“…The MOE and VNO have long been known to differ at the cellular level, with the receptors of each sensory system being expressed in ciliated or microvillar receptor neurons respectively, although a small sub-population of microvillar cells have been identified in the mouse MOE [27]. Like the vomeronasal receptors, the receptors of the MOE are G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane proteins, however they are evolutionarily distinct from both the V1Rs and V2Rs and can themselves be grouped into two separate gene families.…”

Section: The Main Olfactory System and Pheromonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of pheromonal communication

Swaney

Keverne

2009

Behavioural Brain Research

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Small-brained rodents have been the principle focus for pheromonal research and have provided comprehensive insights into the chemosensory mechanisms that underpin pheromonal communication and the hugely important roles that pheromones play in behavioural regulation. However, pheromonal communication does not start or end with the mouse and the rat, and work in amphibians reveals much about the likely evolutionary origins of the chemosensory systems that mediate pheromonal effects. The dual olfactory organs (the main olfactory epithelium and the vomeronasal organ), their receptors and their separate projection pathways appear to have ancient evolutionary origins, appearing in the aquatic ancestors of all tetrapods during the Devonian period and so pre-dating the transition to land. While the vomeronasal organ has long been considered an exclusively pheromonal organ, accumulating evidence indicates that it is not the sole channel for the transduction of pheromonal information and that both olfactory systems have been co-opted for the detection of different pheromone signals over the course of evolution. This has also led to great diversity in the vomeronasal and olfactory receptor families, with enormous levels of gene diversity and inactivation of genes in different species. Finally, the evolution of trichromacy as well as huge increases in social complexity have minimised the role of pheromones in the lives of primates, leading to the total inactivation of the vomeronasal system in catarrhine primates while the brain increased in size and behaviour became emancipated from hormonal regulation.

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Phosphatidyl‐inositide signalling proteins in a novel class of sensory cells in the mammalian olfactory epithelium

Cited by 97 publications

References 54 publications

Olfactory neurons expressing transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5) are involved in sensing semiochemicals

Olfactory neurons expressing transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5) are involved in sensing semiochemicals

Mammalian olfactory receptors: pharmacology, G protein coupling and desensitization

The evolution of pheromonal communication

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