Phloridzin, an Apple Polyphenol, Exerted Unfavorable Effects on Bone and Muscle in an Experimental Model of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

Londzin, Piotr; Siudak, Szymon; Cegieła, Urszula; Pytlik, Maria; Janas, Aleksandra; Waligóra, A; Folwarczna, Joanna

doi:10.3390/nu10111701

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In the present study, some flavonoid compounds have been detected for the first time in rosemary, viz., phlorizin ([M − H] − at m/z 435.13) in Soxhlet extract ( Table 4 ) and pectolinarigenin ([M − H] − at m/z 313.07) in all the extracts (T 1 –T 9 ). Phlorizin was earlier found in tree barks of the Rosaceae family, and the studies indicated high antidiabetic property of the drug [ 36 ]. Pectolinarigenin was also reported before in rosemary as dimethoxyflavone with similar fragment ions, and it was found to have potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties [ 31 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Spectrum Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) as Influenced by Different Extraction Methods

et al. 2020

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Rosmarinus officinalis is a potent antioxidant herb rich in polyphenols. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with electrospray ionization and quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS), enables an exhaustive, full-spectrum analysis of the molecular constituents of natural products. The study aimed to develop a rapid UHPLC method to contribute new insights into the phytochemical composition of rosemary and to assess the performance of nine different procedures for extraction. These include fresh tissue homogenization, fresh and dry leaf decoction, and their respective fermentation, Soxhlet extraction, and sonication using water and methanol. Different extraction methods were found to recover quite different groups of polyphenols within 11 min during 20 min of analysis. Soxhlet extraction, yielded very high concentrations of rosmarinic acid (33,491.33 ± 86.29 µg/g), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (209.95 ± 8.78 µg/g), carnosic acid (2915.40 ± 33.23 µg/g), carnosol (22,000.67 ± 77.39 µg/g), and ursolic acid (5144.27 ± 28.68 µg/g). UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS enabled the detection of more than 50 polyphenols, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids in the various extracts. Of these, sagerinic acid ([M − H]−m/z 719.16), salvianolic acid A ([M − H]−m/z 493.11) and B ([M − H]−m/z 717.15), and a pentacyclic triterpenoid corosolic acid ([M − H]−m/z 471.34) were detected for the first time in rosemary. Soxhlet extraction was found to be the most efficient method, followed by dry leaf decoction. The UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS methodology for the analysis proved to be very efficient in the identification and characterization of targeted and untargeted bioactive molecules in the rosemary.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Spectrum Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) as Influenced by Different Extraction Methods

et al. 2020

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“…Similarly to other reports, we observed increased random blood glucose level as well as the levels of fasting serum glucose, serum fructosamine, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Moreover, induction of the type 2 diabetes resulted in the HOMA-IR increase and QUICKI decrease [32,35,54,[56][57][58]66]. There were also changes in the oxidative stress-related parameters in the serum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rosmarinic Acid and Sinapic Acid on Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Cardiac Tissue and Serum of Type 2 Diabetic Female Rats

et al. 2019

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Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes. They are considered the leading cause of death among diabetics. One of the mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiovascular complications is oxidative stress. Many phenolic acids are regarded as antioxidants. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) and sinapic acid (SA) on oxidative stress parameters in the cardiac tissue and serum of type 2 diabetic female rats. Additionally, the effect of these compounds on glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in the serum was evaluated. Type 2 diabetes was induced with high-fat diet and streptozotocin. RA at the doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg and SA at the doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg were administrated orally for 28 days. Untreated diabetic rats exhibited unfavorable changes in glucose metabolism and lipid profile. Changes in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers indicated the onset of oxidative stress in these animals. The results showed that the higher doses of the tested phenolic acids—50 mg/kg of RA and 25 mg/kg of SA—revealed beneficial effects on oxidative stress in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats.

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“…13 Phloridzin is a glycoside of phloretin, which is an established inhibitor of sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) to attenuate the hyperglycemia through inhibition of glucose reabsorption in intestine and/or kidney. 15 Stattic is a pharmacological inhibitor of STAT3, which could be used both in vitro and in vivo. 13 To investigate the interaction between adropin and STAT3, Stattic (ab120952, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) at indicated doses (1 mg/kg/day or 2 mg/ kg/day) or vehicle were intravenously administered to the other groups of STZ-diabetic rats for 7 days.…”

Section: Animal Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Promotion of Adropin Expression by Hyperglycemia Is Associated with STAT3 Activation in Diabetic Rats</p>

Kuo¹,

Cheng²,

Li³

et al. 2020

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Background: Adropin is a secreted polypeptide that has been demonstrated to play an important role in energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) may promote the transcription of target genes including adropin. In the current study, we investigated the effect of adropin on glucose metabolism in diabetic rats and the mechanism that governs this effect was subsequently assessed. Materials and Methods: Rats received a single injection of streptozotocin to induce type 1 diabetes. The diabetic rats were treated with insulin or phloridzin, another antidiabetic agent through inhibition of glucose reabsorption, for 7 days. Plasma glucose levels and adropin levels were measured. The interaction between STAT3 and adropin was evaluated using the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line. HepG2 cells were pretreated with the specific antagonist Stattic or with STAT3-specific siRNAs to knockout STAT3. Changes in energy homeostasisassociated gene expression were measured using real-time PCR. The protein expression levels of pSTAT3 and STAT3 were measured using Western blotting. Results: In diabetic rats, the serum concentrations of adropin were increased in the vehicletreated group and decreased in the insulin-or phloridzin-treated group. In liver tissues, the Enho expression level and the activity of STAT3 also showed similar tendencies. After HepG2 cells were treated with medium containing high glucose, the ratio of p-STAT3 to STAT3, Enho mRNA levels and reactive oxygen species expression levels in HepG2 cells were significantly increased in conjunction with increased glucose levels. The effect was inhibited after pretreatment with Stattic or knockdown with STAT3-specific siRNAs. Conclusion: STAT3 is involved in the genetic regulation of adropin, increasing the levels of circulating adropin and promoting Enho expression in the livers of diabetic rats.

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Phloridzin, an Apple Polyphenol, Exerted Unfavorable Effects on Bone and Muscle in an Experimental Model of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

Cited by 38 publications

References 63 publications

Full-Spectrum Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) as Influenced by Different Extraction Methods

Full-Spectrum Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) as Influenced by Different Extraction Methods

Effect of Rosmarinic Acid and Sinapic Acid on Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Cardiac Tissue and Serum of Type 2 Diabetic Female Rats

<p>Promotion of Adropin Expression by Hyperglycemia Is Associated with STAT3 Activation in Diabetic Rats</p>

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