Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae): Classification, Morphology and Terminology of Adults and Identification of American Taxa

Galati, Eunice Aparecida Bianchi

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75544-1_2

Cited by 104 publications

(157 citation statements)

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“…Unidentified specimens were processed for mounting on glass slides using Canada balsam. Morphology and taxonomic criteria, terminology and generic abbreviations were adopted following Galati [ 23 ] and Galati et al [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological aspects of Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in an Amazonian/ Guianan bordering area

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAn entomological study was conducted in the municipality of Oiapoque (lower Oyapock River Basin) in the Brazilian side bordering French Guiana to gain information on the transmission pattern of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in that region, presumed to reflect the classical Amazonian/Guianan enzootic scenario.MethodsThree ecologically isolated forested areas near urban environments were surveyed during the rainy and dry seasons of 2015 and 2016, using a multi-trapping approach comprising ground-level and canopy light traps, black and white colored cloth Shannon traps and manual aspiration on tree bases. Female phlebotomines were dissected to find infections and isolate flagellates from Leishmania spp. The strains were characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and compared with those of local ACL cases and World Health Organization reference strains.ResultsNyssomyia umbratilis, Trichopygomyia trichopyga and Evandromyia infraspinosa were the most frequently found species. Findings on relative abundance, spatiotemporal vector/ACL congruence, natural infections and anthropophilic insights strengthened the Guianan classical transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis by Ny. umbratilis and suggested further investigations for Ev. infraspinosa. Nyssomyia umbratilis showed an eclectic feeding habit, including bird blood. Ecological data and literature reports also included Psychodopygus squamiventris maripaensis and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata on the list of suspected vectors.ConclusionsThese findings contributed to understanding ACL ecoepidemiology in the Amazonian/Guianan scenario. Local studies are required to better comprehend the Leishmania spp. enzootic mosaic in specific ecotopes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological aspects of Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in an Amazonian/ Guianan bordering area

et al. 2018

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“…The traps were randomly installed from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m., in the peridomiciliary environment during the years of 2013 and 2016, in periods which were favorable to productive catches. The specimens were identi ed according to the Galati criteria [20]. Females from all municipalities, containing blood residues and males (used as negative control), were individualized in eppendorf tubes and stored in freezer -200C, with the exception of one sample from the city of Rio de Janeiro, which was analyzed as a pool (10 copies).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to the Knowledgment of Feeding Habbits of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) Longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) in Association to Natural Infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) Infantum Chagasi (Cunha & Chagas, 1937)

Afonso

Chaves

Pereira

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Brazil faces the expansion and urbanization of American Visceral Leishmaniasis. The presence of the vector in the urban area is one of the major challenges of the Brazilian Program for Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis, which refers the need for a better understanding the behavior of Lutzomyia longipalpis, as well as the factors of its adaptation to new habitats. The aim of the study was to combine diagnostic molecular tools capable to identifying natural infection by Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi and the origin of food sources in L. longipalpis.Methods: The specimens were captured in the municipalities of Araguaína/Tocantins, Fortaleza/Ceará, Sobral/Ceará, and Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro. Molecular diagnoses were performed through Polymerase Chain Reaction using primers that amplify kinetoplast deoxyribonucleic acid in Leishmania sp. and the cacophony gene in phlebotomines for the diagnosis of natural infection, primers that amplify the cytochrome b gene, in addition to the sequencing technique, for the study of alimentary habit.Results: Among the analyzed females, 28.6% were diagnosed in the food evaluation. Among the total of 141 samples that were analyzed, showed a higher positivity for the human food source (62.5%), followed by dogs (27.5%) and birds (10%). In Araguaína, the samples showed positivity for human blood (61.5%) and dogs (38.5%). In Fortaleza and Sobral, specimens showed a positive percentage for human blood (54.5% and 66.7%), followed by dogs (27.3% and 20.0%) and birds (18.2% and 13.3%). In the females of Rio de Janeiro was detected exclusive feeding of human blood. In the natural infection, a general index of positivity was obtained equal to 4.3%. When associated, detection of the power source and natural infection, two infected specimens were found in Araguaína, with dog and human feeding; and in Sobral, 3 specimens infected and positive for human blood.Conclusions: The results corroborate with studies that demonstrate the eclecticism and food opportunism of L. longipalpis, as well as their occurrence in several environments, which are determinant factors of the important process of domiciliary vectorization. The low positivity feeding on human blood may suggest that other mammals, possibly rodents, would be acting as a food source.

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“…(3,4) In the Americas, a total of 541 species -524 current and 17 fossil species -have been described, and they are grouped into supra-specific categories (genera, subgenera, groups, and series of species). (5,6) Among these, almost more than 20 species are considered vectors of leishmaniasis in the New World. This relatively small number of vectors is the function of a number of ecological, physiological and biochemical factors inherent to both insects and parasites.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The geographical overlapping of the species usually complicates the diagnosis. (5,9) For many years, an apparently null medical importance of Trichophoromyia may have contributed to this phlebotomine genus to be understudied. Trichophoromyia was considered to have limited geographical distribution, predominantly in the Amazon basin, with unknown human biting behavior, and circumstantial history of natural infection by flagellates; obtained only when sharing same ecotope of Leishmania vector/ reservoir systems, thus, not likely playing an important role as vectors of leishmaniases agents to humans, limiting them to the zoological interest.…”

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confidence: 99%

Increasing putative vector importance of Trichophoromyia phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Santos

Sílveira

2020

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Despite some phlebotomines being well recognised as vectors of leishmaniasis agents, vector importance of those belonging to the genus Trichophoromyia has not been extensively studied. The present study provides evidence regarding the putative vector role played by some species of Trichophoromyia on leishmanine enzootics, based on literature reports and findings obtained from field experiments conducted in the ecotopes of Pará State, Brazil. The species Th. ubiquitalis, Th. velascoi, Th. auraensis, Th. ininii and Th. brachipyga possess minimal criteria to be included in the list of suspected leishmanine vectors. However, knowledge on man-biting behavior, substantiation of vector competence and determination of epidemiological implications are limited for all of the above mentioned species. Published studies together with present data draw attention to prioritize these phlebotomine species in entomological surveillance programs and studies on experimental susceptibility to Leishmania spp. infection.

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Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae): Classification, Morphology and Terminology of Adults and Identification of American Taxa

Cited by 104 publications

References 63 publications

Ecological aspects of Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in an Amazonian/ Guianan bordering area

Ecological aspects of Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in an Amazonian/ Guianan bordering area

Contribution to the Knowledgment of Feeding Habbits of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) Longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) in Association to Natural Infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) Infantum Chagasi (Cunha & Chagas, 1937)

Increasing putative vector importance of Trichophoromyia phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae)

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Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae): Classification, Morphology and Terminology of Adults and Identification of American Taxa

Cited by 104 publications

References 63 publications

Ecological aspects of Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in an Amazonian/ Guianan bordering area

Ecological aspects of Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in an Amazonian/ Guianan bordering area

Contribution to the Knowledgment of Feeding Habbits of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) Longipalpis (Lutz &amp; Neiva, 1912) in Association to Natural Infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) Infantum Chagasi (Cunha &amp; Chagas, 1937)

Increasing putative vector importance of Trichophoromyia phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae)

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Contribution to the Knowledgment of Feeding Habbits of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) Longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) in Association to Natural Infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) Infantum Chagasi (Cunha & Chagas, 1937)