Phenotypic Markers and Functional Regulators of Myelomonocytic Cells

Abstract

In this chapter, there is a description of hematopoietic stem cells, maturation curve and their differentiation into myeloid cells, including phenotypes and transcription factors involved in this process. Further, we discuss myeloid maturation curve from myeloid precursor, monoblast, premonocyte to monocytes, and also monocytes subsets regarding their CD14 and CD16 expressions and related functions in health and disease. In addition, we reason about the differentiation from monocytes either in dendritic cells or in macrophages in vitro using differential growth factors; these cells are differentiated from those found in vivo being named as monocyte-derived cells. Furthermore, we explore distinguished phenotype of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells monocyte-derived in vitro, using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, in order to display morphological and phenotypic differences among them.

Bone Marrow Monocytes and Derived Dendritic Cells from Myelodysplastic Patients Have Functional Abnormalities Associated with Defective Response to Bacterial Infection

“…Monocytic lineage morphological alterations are difficult to identify and classify; in fact, monocytes do not display any visible morphological changes in MDS (1). Additionally, CD56 + and CD56 2 monocytes from MDS patients and from normal controls were not distinguishable when examined by light microscopy, in agreement with prior observations (7). However, we found that DCs derived from MDS patients' BM monocytes presented altered morphological characteristics when compared with disease-freederived iDCs and mDCs.…”

“…5). Classical and intermediate circulating monocytes differ as to the phagocytic function with intermediate monocytes being more efficient in this aspect (7). Hence, we examined the frequencies of classical (CD14 hi CD16 low ) and intermediate monocytes (CD14 hi CD16 hi ) in MDS-BM samples and in control BM samples.…”

“…Classical monocytes, expressing high levels of CD14 and absent CD16 (CD14 hi /CD16 2 ), are ∼80% of all monocytes and considered to be better at secreting proinflammatory cytokines and in generating reactive oxygen species. Intermediate monocytes (CD14 hi /CD16 + ) are more efficient in phagocytosis and express higher levels of MHC class II and accessory molecules (7). When monocytes are cultivated in presence of GM-CSF and IL-4, they can exhibit features of immature dendritic cells (iDCs), and in response to inflammatory signals, they can differentiate into mature dendritic cells (mDCs) with Ag presentation ability (8).…”

Determinação de valores de referência de células hematopoiéticas em medula óssea normal por citometria de fluxo: análise em 10 cores

“…Essas propriedades as tornam alvos em terapias imunológicas, vacinação e tratamento de doenças autoimunes e inflamatórias. (41) Na linhagem monocítica, as primeiras células a serem diferenciadas são os precursores monocíticos (monoblastos), seguidos dos monócitos imaturos (promonócitos) que, ao migrarem para o sangue periférico, são denominados monócitos maduros. Quando recrutados para o sítio de inflamação os monócitos migram para os tecidos e se diferenciam em macrófagos.…”