Phenotypic and molecular detection of biofilm formation in clinical methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates from Malaysia

Jones, Sherry Usun; Kee, Boon Pin; Chew, C. H.; Yeo, Chew Chieng; Abdullah, Fatimah Haslina; Othman, Norlela; Chua, Kek Heng; Puah, Suat Moi

doi:10.1080/16583655.2022.2147387

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, no correlation was found between slime and biofilm production among staphylococcal isolates investigated in this study (Table 2 ). Similar observations have been reported for S. aureus human and animal isolates in earlier investigations [ 21 , 37 ]. The lack of correlation between slime and biofilm production in S. aureus may be attributed to different measurement methods, i.e., Congo red agar method versus microtiter plate-based crystal violet assay, leading to disparities in the results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The presence of agrI has been significantly associated with biofilm production amongst MSSA isolates in this study (Table 3 ), corresponding well with another study using nonclinical isolates [ 42 ]. Kawamura et al [ 44 ] found that MRSA isolates haboring agrII have a significantly greater ability to produce biofilm, however; Usun Jones et al [ 21 ] and Cha et al [ 45 ] found no variation in MRSA biofilm production among different agr groups. The difference might be attributed to variations between strains, potentially resulting from microbial adaptation and geographical influences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, a high prevalence of icaADBC genes and varied occurrence of biofilm associated genes, i.e., cna (42.7–93%), fib (24.7–90%), ebps (11.1–100%), fnbA (0–100%) and fnbB (1.1–53.33%) have been reported in Malaysian S. aureus clinical isolates [ 20 – 22 ]. The agr1 was the most prevalent type reported in Malaysian isolates of S.aureus, followed by agrII and agrIII ; however, no agrIV was detected [ 21 , 23 ]. Understanding differences in biofilm and slime production between MRSA and MSSA and the associated genetic elements contributes to a better understanding of the epidemiology and spread of S. aureus infections, further aiding in developing more targeted surveillance and treatment strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveilling genetic profiles and correlations of biofilm-associated genes, quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a Malaysian Teaching Hospital

Chan,

Chee,

Tang

et al. 2024

Eur J Med Res

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Background Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious multidrug resistant pathogen prevalent in healthcare facilities worldwide. Unveiling the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation, quorum sensing and antibiotic resistance can help in developing more effective therapy for S. aureus infection. There is a scarcity of literature addressing the genetic profiles and correlations of biofilm-associated genes, quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance among S. aureus isolates from Malaysia. Methods Biofilm and slime production of 68 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and 54 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) isolates were determined using a a plate-based crystal violet assay and Congo Red agar method, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration values against 14 antibiotics were determined using VITEK® AST-GP67 cards and interpreted according to CLSI-M100 guidelines. Genetic profiling of 11 S. aureus biofilm-associated genes and agr/sar quorum sensing genes was performed using single or multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Results In this study, 75.9% (n = 41) of MRSA and 83.8% (n = 57) of MSSA isolates showed strong biofilm-forming capabilities. Intermediate slime production was detected in approximately 70% of the isolates. Compared to MSSA, significantly higher resistance of clindamycin, erythromycin, and fluoroquinolones was noted among the MRSA isolates. The presence of intracellular adhesion A (icaA) gene was detected in all S. aureus isolates. All MSSA isolates harbored the laminin-binding protein (eno) gene, while all MRSA isolates harbored intracellular adhesion D (icaD), clumping factors A and B (clfA and clfB) genes. The presence of agrI and elastin-binding protein (ebpS) genes was significantly associated with biofilm production in MSSA and MRSA isolates, respectively. In addition, agrI gene was also significantly correlated with oxacillin, cefoxitin, and fluoroquinolone resistance. Conclusions The high prevalence of biofilm and slime production among MSSA and MRSA isolates correlates well with the detection of a high prevalence of biofilm-associated genes and agr quorum sensing system. A significant association of agrI gene was found with cefoxitin, oxacillin, and fluoroquinolone resistance. A more focused approach targeting biofilm-associated and quorum sensing genes is important in developing new surveillance and treatment strategies against S. aureus biofilm infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveilling genetic profiles and correlations of biofilm-associated genes, quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a Malaysian Teaching Hospital

Chan,

Chee,

Tang

et al. 2024

Eur J Med Res

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“…DNA amplification of spa locus, agr groups, 15 MSCRAMM-associated genes ( bap , bbp , clfA , clfB , cna , eno , ebps , fib , fnbA , fnbB , icaAD , icaBC , pls , sasC , and sasG ) and 19 virulence genes including staphylococcal enterotoxin genes ( sea , seb , sec , seg , seh , sei , sel , sem , sen , seo , and ser ), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 gene ( tst ), exfoliative toxin gene ( eta ), leukocidin genes ( lukED and lukPV ), and hemolysin genes ( hla , hlb , hld , and hlg ) was performed using primers and conditions as described in previous published studies [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The isolates were also screened for their SCC mec type by PCR amplification with standard protocols [ 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Hospitalized Newborn Infants

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant challenge in healthcare management, and addressing it requires a comprehensive approach. In this study, we employed a combination of phenotypic and genotypic approaches, along with whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate five hospital-associated MDR methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains that were isolated from newborn infants. Our analysis revealed the following for the MDR-MRSA strains: SauR31 was resistant to three antimicrobial classes; SauR12, SauR91 and SauR110 were resistant to four antimicrobial classes; and SauR23 exhibited resistance to seven classes. All the MDR-MRSA strains were capable of producing slime and biofilms, harbored SCCmec type IV, and belonged to different spa types (t022, t032, and t548), with varying profiles for microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) and virulence genes. The WGS data for the MDR SauR23 and SauR91 strains revealed that most of the antimicrobial resistance genes were present in the chromosomes, including blaZ, mecA, norA, lmrS, and sdrM, with only the ermC gene found in a small (<3 kb) plasmid. The presence of MDR-MRSA strains among neonates raises public concern, hence implementation of multifaceted interventions is recommended to address this issue. In addition, metadata is needed to improve the investigation of antimicrobial resistance genes in MDR isolates.

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“…However, standard blood cultures often fail to identify biofilm-embedded pathogens for multiple reasons, and no standardized protocols are in place for their detection [ 52 , 53 ]. Given that the virulence factors of biofilm-forming species have been well characterized [ 54 ], specialized diagnostic approaches—such as molecular techniques—have emerged as promising alternatives for achieving accurate and timely pathogen identification [ 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Ds Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Implementing Diagnostic Stewardship: A Guide for Resident Physicians in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance

Schinas,

Dimopoulos,

Akinosoglou

2023

Microorganisms

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health challenge, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are crucial in managing this crisis, with diagnostic stewardship (DS) emerging as a key component. DS refers to the appropriate use of diagnostic tests to optimize patient outcomes, improve antimicrobial use, and combat multi-drug-resistant (MDR) organisms. Despite its potential, understanding and application of DS remain ambiguous in multiple respects, which, however, do not directly implicate the implementation of such initiatives. DS is particularly important for resident physicians who are often at the forefront of patient care and can significantly influence future AMR strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of DS, discussing its importance, potential challenges, and future directions. It emphasizes the need for resident physicians to understand DS principles and integrate them into their clinical practice from the beginning of their careers. The review also highlights the role of various stakeholders in implementing DS and the importance of continuous education and training. Ultimately, DS is not just a clinical tool but a philosophy of care, essential for a more responsive, humane, and effective healthcare system.

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Phenotypic and molecular detection of biofilm formation in clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Malaysia

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

Unveilling genetic profiles and correlations of biofilm-associated genes, quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a Malaysian Teaching Hospital

Unveilling genetic profiles and correlations of biofilm-associated genes, quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a Malaysian Teaching Hospital

Multidrug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Hospitalized Newborn Infants

Understanding and Implementing Diagnostic Stewardship: A Guide for Resident Physicians in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance

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