Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Isolates from Sudanese Patients

Objective: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) involves both community-acquired and nosocomial infections. It is responsible for a wide variety of infections, including infections of the urinary tract, pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, wound infection and purulent abscesses. We constructed this study to detect several carbapenems resistant and virulence genes in classical and hyper-virulent strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized neonates and adults in Khartoum state. Results: Seventy percent of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, 18(30%) to ciprofloxacin, 23(38.3%) to chloramphenicol, 24(40%) to gentamicin and 8% to imipenem, 35% were multidrug-resistant, and 7% extensively drug-resistant, all blood isolates (n = 14) were resistant to ceftazidime. entB was the most predominant virulence gene (93.3%), followed by mrkD (78.3%), kfu (60%), K2 (51.7%), magA (18.3%) and rmpA (5%). bla OXA-48 was the most predominant carbapenem-resistant gene (68.3%), followed by bla NDM (10%), bla KPC (8.3%), and bla IMP (3.3%). Eight hyper-virulent strains were positive for bla OXA-48 and two for bla NDM genes.

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“…DNA was extracted using the guanidine chloride method [16]. The DNA samples were stored at − 80 °C until used for PCR.…”

Section: Dna Extraction and Detection Of Virulent And Resistant Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of several carbapenems resistant and virulence genes in classical and hyper-virulent strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized neonates and adults in Khartoum

et al. 2020

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“…In 2017, 21054 cases of TB were notified in Sudan [4]. Internal displacement enhances this high incidence of TB in Sudan [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, there is only one reference laboratory in Khartoum state that performs cultures and DST for MDR-TB patients. At a minimum, three to six weeks are needed for the notification of drug resistant TB phenotypes by direct and indirect methods, respectively [7]. This calls for systems, such as early notification and prompt management of MDR-TB patients, to counter the spread of the MDR-TB [12,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Sudan

et al. 2019

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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global public health threat and burden on the health system. This is especially the case in high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence countries, such as Sudan. Consequently, this study aimed to ascertain the predictors of MDR-TB in Sudan to provide future guidance. An unmatched case-control study to assess the predictors of MDR-TB infections among the Sudanese population was conducted from August 2017 to January 2018 at Abu-Anga referral hospital. Patients’ data was gathered from patients’ cards and via interviews. A structured pre-validated questionnaire was used to gather pertinent information, which included sociodemographic characteristics and other relevant clinical data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the predictors of MDR-TB infection. 76 of the 183 patients interviewed (41.5%) had MDR-TB cases. The independent predictors for MDR-TB were living in rural areas [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–8.2)], treatment failure [aOR = 56.9 (10.2–319.2)], and smoking [(aOR = 4 (1.2–13.2)], whereas other sociodemographic factors did not predict MDR-TB. In conclusion, the study showed that a history of smoking, living in rural areas, and a previous treatment failure were the predictors of MDR-TB in Sudan. The latter factors are most likely due to issues that are related to access and adherence to treatment and lifestyle. The existence of any of these factors among newly diagnosed TB patients should alert clinicians for the screening of MDR-TB. The implementation of directly observed treatment (DOT) and health education are crucial in stopping the spread of MDR-TB in Sudan.

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“…DNA was extracted using the guanidine chloride method [42]. Several colonies from overnight nutrient agar growth were washed with normal saline (NS), followed by the addition of 2 mL lysis buffer, 5 µl proteinase K, 1 ml guanidine chloride, and 300 µl ammonium acetate.…”

Section: Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Several Carbapenems Resistant and Virulence Genes in Classical and Hyper-virulent Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Hospitalized Neonates and Adults in Khartoum

Albasha

Osman

Alhalim

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Carbapenems resistant hypervirulent strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae are one of the most critical organisms that cause fatal nosocomial infections. This study aimed to detect and characterize K. pneumoniae virulence genes (mrkD, entB, rmpA, K2, kfu, and magA) and carbapenem resistant (blaNDM, blaIMP, blaOXA−48, and blaKPC) genes Methods Sixty K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from urine, blood, wound swab, and sputum samples, in two age groups: neonates and adults. String test was used to detect hypervirulent strains. Susceptibility testing for a wide range of antibiotics was performed on all isolates. DNA was extracted by the guanidine chloride method, then multiplex PCR was used for the detection of carbapenem-resistance and virulence genes. Results Seventy percent of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime and 8% to imipenem, 35% were multi-drug resistant, and 7% extensively drug-resistant, all neonatal blood isolates (n = 15) were resistant to ceftazidime. entB was the most predominant virulence gene (93.3%), followed by mrkD (78.3%), kfu (60%), K2 (51.7%), magA (18.3%) and rmpA (5%). blaOXA−48 was the most predominant carbapenem-resistant gene (68.3%), followed by blaNDM (10%), blaKPC (8.3%), and blaIMP (3.3%). Eight hyper-virulent strains were positive for blaOXA−48 and two for blaNDM genes. The study concluded that there is a high rate of carbapenems resistant genes in hyper-virulent strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients. Conclusion The study reported for the first time in Sudan presence of carbapenems resistant genes in hyper-virulent strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients. Presence of MDR and XDR strains of K. pneumoniae in neonatal ward in some Sudanese hospitals.

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Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Multidrug-ResistantMycobacterium tuberculosisIsolates from Sudanese Patients

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Detection of several carbapenems resistant and virulence genes in classical and hyper-virulent strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized neonates and adults in Khartoum

Detection of several carbapenems resistant and virulence genes in classical and hyper-virulent strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized neonates and adults in Khartoum

Predictors of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Sudan

Detection of Several Carbapenems Resistant and Virulence Genes in Classical and Hyper-virulent Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Hospitalized Neonates and Adults in Khartoum

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