Phenolic acetals from lignins of varying compositions via iron(<scp>iii</scp>) triflate catalysed depolymerisation

Deuss, Peter J.; Lancefield, Christopher S.; Anand, N.; Vries, Johannes G. de; Westwood, Nicholas J.; Barta, Katalin

doi:10.1039/c7gc00195a

Cited by 152 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…One major challenge in (technical) lignin valorization is that the lignin structure is highly complex and variable. In particular, it depends strongly on the botanical origin and the pretreatment process used in its isolation . This makes detailed structural characterization of lignin feedstocks very important for the development and implementation of optimal downstream processing strategies that cater to the (variation in the) structure of the lignin feedstock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkage Abundance and Molecular Weight Characteristics of Technical Lignins by Attenuated Total Reflection‐FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis

Lancefield

Constant

Peinder³

et al. 2019

ChemSusChem

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Lignin is an attractive material for the production of renewable chemicals, materials and energy. However, utilization is hampered by its highly complex and variable chemical structure, which requires an extensive suite of analytical instruments to characterize. Here, we demonstrate that straightforward attenuated total reflection (ATR)‐FTIR analysis combined with principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) modelling can provide remarkable insight into the structure of technical lignins, giving quantitative results that are comparable to standard gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC) and 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR methods. First, a calibration set of 54 different technical (fractionated) lignin samples, covering kraft, soda and organosolv processes, were prepared and analyzed using traditional GPC and NMR methods, as well as by readily accessible ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. PLS models correlating the ATR‐FTIR spectra of the broad set of lignins with GPC and NMR measurements were found to have excellent coefficients of determination ( R 2 Cal.>0.85) for molecular weight ( M n , M w ) and inter‐unit abundances (β‐ O ‐4, β‐5 and β‐β), with low relative errors (6.2–14 %) as estimated from cross‐validation results. PLS analysis of a second set of 28 samples containing exclusively (fractionated) kraft lignins showed further improved prediction ability, with relative errors of 3.8–13 %, and the resulting model could predict the structural characteristics of an independent validation set of lignins with good accuracy. The results highlight the potential utility of this methodology for streamlining and expediting the often complex and time consuming technical lignin characterization process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkage Abundance and Molecular Weight Characteristics of Technical Lignins by Attenuated Total Reflection‐FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis

Lancefield

Constant

Peinder³

et al. 2019

ChemSusChem

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“…3e), but resulted in lower monomer yield (Table 1, entry 6) and more oligomers. This is due to the modification of the native lignin structure during organosolv processing resulting in fewer cleavable β -O-4 linkages 5 and underscores the advantage of using lignocellulose as substrate directly.…”

Section: Nature Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach, however, is energy intensive, and predominantly focuses on producing high-quality cellulose 4 . Moreover, under these processing conditions the lignin component is structurally modified, rendering its further catalytic valorization very challenging [4][5][6][7] . This remains true despite impressive advances in the selective conversion of lignin model compounds 8,9 and depolymerization of organosolv lignin [10][11][12][13][14] .…”

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Complete lignocellulose conversion with integrated catalyst recycling yielding valuable aromatics and fuels

et al. 2018

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“…Lignin‐based phenols come from many processes of thermal chemistry (pyrolysis, hydro/solvo‐thermal and combined methods such as catalytic pyrolysis and hydrogenolysis) ,,,,,,,,,,,,. Based on the standpoint in industrial vanillin production that not only yield but also selectivity or complexity of product mixture determine the production feasibility, the potential phenols that are generated with considerable yield and/or selectivity are collected in Figure .…”

Section: The Promising Products From Lignin Depolymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Techniques for Depolymerization of Lignin into Value‐added Chemicals

Ren

et al. 2018

ChemCatChem

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As the world's second most renewable resource, lignin has been studied for depolymerization into useful chemicals and fuels for many years. However, although good results were achieved in laboratory tests, it is difficult to apply those techniques into industrial production. One of the main obstacles is the costly separation tasks of complex degradation products, as reflected from the case of industrial production of vanillin from lignin. In this article, we introduce and discuss the degradation strategies and products that are potential for lignin depolymerization into valuable chemicals on a commercial scale. Based on the viewpoint of not only conversion and yield but also the complexity of degradation products, five categories of products and corresponding processes are recommended as more promising chemicals for industrial production in the near future.

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Phenolic acetals from lignins of varying compositions via iron(iii) triflate catalysed depolymerisation

Abstract: A small lignin library was used to study the relationship between the lignin structure and the aromatic product yields during acidolysis.

Cited by 152 publications

References 47 publications

Linkage Abundance and Molecular Weight Characteristics of Technical Lignins by Attenuated Total Reflection‐FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis

Linkage Abundance and Molecular Weight Characteristics of Technical Lignins by Attenuated Total Reflection‐FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis

Complete lignocellulose conversion with integrated catalyst recycling yielding valuable aromatics and fuels

Promising Techniques for Depolymerization of Lignin into Value‐added Chemicals

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