Phase tuned synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles for room temperature enhanced ammonia detection

Abstract

Ionic liquid induced phase tuned TiO2 nanoparticles for ammonia gas sensing.

Synthesis and Formation of Phase-Tuned TiO2-/Ionic Liquid-Incorporated Polymeric Membranes for Ammonia Sensing at Room Temperature

“…The Psf polymer is amorphous in nature and so the neat Psf membrane shows only one broad peak at 2θ = 17.68° . The XRD patterns of the TiO 2 samples are presented elsewhere . It was observed that characteristic peaks of TiO 2 were at 27.35°, 38.12°, and 49.35°.…”

“…Synthesized TiO 2 NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–visible spectroscopy. The results are reported elsewhere …”

“…The detailed procedure for the preparation of phase-tuned TiO 2 NPs with ILs is presented elsewhere . TiO 2 NPs were synthesized by the hydrolysis of TTIP as per the literature of Karn and Srivastava .…”

“…Work of adhesion ( W a ) is the measure of work done to separate two adjacent phases of a liquid–liquid or liquid–solid phase boundary from one another. W a can be calculated from the contact angle using the Young–Dupre equation where θ is the contact angle and σ is the surface tension of water (72.8 mJ/m 2 ).…”

“…The chemicals applied for gas-sensing were vaporized using a high-temperature flash vaporizer. The schematic of the sensing setup is described elsewhere . The resistance in the ambient air at 25 °C was taken as the base resistance, and once it stabilized, the sensing gases were injected into the chamber with a controlled flow rate.…”