Phase Structure and Property Evaluation of (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Sn)O₃ Sintered with Li₂CO₃ Addition at Low Temperature

Abstract

A series of Li 2 CO 3 -added (Ba 0.95 Ca 0.05 )(Ti 0.90 Sn 0.10 )O 3 (BCTS) ceramics were prepared by normal sintering at a low temperature of 1300°C; Their microstructure and electrical property evaluation were investigated with special emphases on the effect of Li 2 CO 3 addition. Adding Li 2 CO 3 significantly improves the sinterability of BCTS ceramics, resulting in a reduced sintering temperature by more than 150°C. The coexistence of R and T phases is confirmed by the Raman spectrum at room temperature for all samples and at a temperature range from -80°C to 40°C for sample with 3% mol Li 2 CO 3 addition. The specific ratio of R to T phase decreases with increasing temperature or Li 2 CO 3 addition. A higher e r is observed in T phase compared to R phase in the studied BCTS system. Better properties with d 33 = 485 pC/N, k p = 39%, and Q m = 191 were obtained for BCTS sample with 3% mol Li 2 CO 3 addition, which is attributed to the increased grain size and density along with the variation in the specific ratio of R to T phase. D. Damjanovic-contributing editor Manuscript No. 34011.

Enhanced temperature stability and quality factor with Hf substitution for Sn and MnO2 doping of (Ba0.97Ca0.03)(Ti0.96Sn0.04)O3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with high Curie temperature

“…37 Table II shows a comparisons of our work with other reports. 19,20,23 The BCTSH + 2 Mn ceramics in our work have the lowest sintering temperature T S , the highest Curie temperature T C , high temperature stability, and good k p and Q m values.…”

0.73ZrTi2O6–0.27MgNb2O6 microwave dielectric ceramics modified by Al2O3 addition

“…Meanwhile all the diffraction peaks of the matrix phase shifted to higher degree with increasing x . According to the Bragg's equation, the shift of the peak toward high angle indicated the shrinkage of the lattice parameters . So it could be deduced that the Al 3+ ions entered into the matrix, although it was not clear that the specific ions position where the Al 3+ ions occupied from the XRD patterns.…”

Dielectric, Piezoelectric, and Vibration Properties of the LiF-Doped (Ba0.95Ca0.05)(Ti0.93Sn0.07)O3 Lead-Free Piezoceramic Sheets

“…Zhu et al [24] and other authors [25,26,27] have recently reported that the (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Sn)O 3 ceramics with high d 33 values are promising candidates for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. However, it is not easy to find balance between lowering the sintering temperature and maintaining good piezoelectricity.…”

“…An ideal sintering promoter should effectively lower the sintering temperature while maintaining the piezoelectric properties as best as possible. In [26,27], Zhou and Zhao et al used CuO and Li 2 CO 3 as the sintering promoters to improve the piezoelectric and dielectric characteristics. The optimum d 33 values was improved from about 140 pC/N (pure BCTS) to an ultrahigh value of 683 pC/N for (Ba 0.95 Ca 0.05 )(Ti 0.93 Sn 0.07 )O 3 (BCTS)–CuO X and 485 pC/N for BCTS-Li 2 CO 3 .…”